异种移植法律问题初探

异种移植在人体器官严重供不应求的情况下受到研究者执着的追求,但异种移植的潜在风险是巨大的,由此提出了不可回避的安全性问题,国外异种移植安全保障的立法实践对我国异种移植立法有重要的参考价值。此外,考虑到异种移植的特殊性,我国在立法时应特别关注异种移植的研究准则和动物保护问题。     

论功能主义思想之于西方法社会学发展的影响

作为法学与社会学两个学科结合的产物,西方法社会学在建立和发展的过程中,深受西方社会学理论流派与方法论思想的影响,功能主义思想就是对西方法社会学影响较深的一例,它分别从以下几个方面推动了西方法社会学的发展:第一,功能主义思想的引入改变了传统法学研究中注重分析法律结构内在的逻辑一致性的思维惯习,提供了从法律与外部世界的关系来考察法律的"外部"视角;第二,功能主义思想提供了从法律与社会整体的联系来考察法律问题的系统的视角;第三,功能主义思想中对"功能"内涵更为全面的阐释丰富了法社会学中的法律功能研究。     

Grassroots International NGOs: Using Comparative Interpretive Policy Analysis to Understand Meanings in Private Development Aid

Abstract

This research comparatively examines grassroots international NGOs (GINGOs), a growing subset of international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) working in private development aid. GINGOs are small-scale, on-going development initiatives through voluntary third sector organizations. How do GINGOs’ founders and volunteers understand their role in private development aid? The article uses an interpretive framework to examine three in-depth comparative case studies of GINGOs based in the US and working in South Sudan, Nepal and Haiti. Its contribution is that it provides rich data to build further theory about the experiences, or multiple realities, in private development aid. It is found that GINGOs’ founders and volunteers attach new meanings to private development aid to distinguish themselves from larger professionalized INGOs and emphasize personal connections.     

学术与事功平衡——郭秉文高等教育思想蠡测

郭秉文是获得教育学博士学位的中国第一人.他所提出的"四个平衡"广为人知.作为郭秉文大学管理思想的一部分,他所践行的"学术与事功的平衡"堪称是其"第五个平衡"."所学者皆有所用,所用者皆本所学",学以致用、学用一致、用其所学,鼎足而三支撑起第五个平衡.有一种现象既是学术与事功平衡的题中应有之意,又是这一平衡的升华与超越,那就是引领.而引领似可说是与教学、科研、服务等量齐观的高等教育的"第四职能".     

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE

This article summarizes empirical research about Collaborative Practice, the Collaborative movement, its interaction with other parts of the dispute resolution field, and its impact on the field. It reviews studies of Collaborative Practice describing the individuals involved in Collaborative cases, how the process works, the operation of local practice groups, and the impact of Collaborative Practice on legal practice generally. Based on this analysis, it suggests an agenda for future research. Finally, it offers suggestions for constructive development of the Collaborative field.     

青少年活体年龄鉴定操作规范的探讨

目前尚无公认的活体年龄鉴定操作规范或指导文献,各国及国内不同地区,甚至同一地区不同部门,采用的鉴定方法和技术手段各不相同,可能影响鉴定结论的科学性和准确性,甚至影响了司法鉴定的公平、公正。结合相关骨龄研究进展,就活体年龄鉴定的操作规范化问题进行初步探讨,提出了＂综合原则、均值原则、下限原则、及时原则＂等鉴定的基本原则,认为应综合多方法、多部位、多标准进行骨龄鉴定,同时结合牙龄、第二性征、营养状态和相关病理等影响骨骼发育因素的基本信息,综合地分析、判断并加以说明,期望促进活体年龄鉴定操作规范的研讨以及司法鉴定标准化的建设。同时,提出的＂鉴定四原则＂对于其他较复杂的和多因素案例的法医学鉴定亦具有借鉴意义。     

Taking Stock of Drug Courts: Do They Work?

ABSTRACT

Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike have long known about the established link between substance abuse and criminal behavior, criminal justice agencies in the United States are still tasked with managing an influx of individuals who display symptoms of abuse and dependence. By the late 1980s, the drug court model emerged as an innovative response to this problem, and this reform has since proliferated to such an extent that it is the most common type of problem-solving court in America. Still, there remains much variation in how drug courts are implemented across jurisdictions, which can have strong implications for the outcomes among the courts’ participants. In this review, we summarize the key research on drug court implementation, followed by an assessment of whether they can be said to “work” in terms of reducing criminal behavior and relapse among adults. We conclude that the model remains an evidence-based practice and suggest some directions for future work, including increased emphasis on theory and causal dynamics and key measurement issues.     

A qualitative exploration of the experience of restorative approaches in a forensic mental health setting

Restorative justice (RJ) is an intervention gaining worldwide recognition in criminal justice systems and other settings. There is a growing evidence base demonstrating positive outcomes in a number of domains, but we found no previous research focussed upon the use of RJ in a forensic mental health setting. This study used a constructivist grounded theory analysis of semi-structured interviews to explore and develop a deeper understanding of RJ practices interventions in such a setting. Ten participants including RJ facilitators, patients and mental health staff took part in research interviews. Restorative interventions were found to be congruent with models of mental health and offender recovery. Processing emotions, developing thinking and coherent narrative, and immediacy are found to be key components of the intervention. The emergent model highlights the role of containment and a high level of facilitator skill when working with a complex, vulnerable and potentially unstable client group.     

It depends whose data are being shared: considerations for genomic data sharing policies

There is an urgent need for consistent data sharing policies that promote the advancement of science while respecting the values and interests of those providing their genetic data for research. Responding to the article of Jalayne J. Arias, Genevieve Pham-Kanter, and Eric G. Campbell, ‘The Growth and Gaps of Genetic Data Sharing Policies in the United States’, this commentary further explores the challenges of human subjects’ protection in existing data sharing policies. We will elaborate on the need for data sharing policies to accommodate variation in individual and group preferences around data sharing and privacy concerns by comparing our previously published data on patients’ and parents’ consent to data sharing and attitudes about privacy to data from focus groups with HIV-positive, underserved individuals who were asked about their willingness to participate in genetic research and share their data broadly. These studies support the observation of Arias, Pham-Kanter, and Campbell that researchers, and funding agencies will need to balance the privacy interests of groups as well as individuals in future genomic data sharing policies.     

汉语国际教育专业汉语语言类课程模块化教学体系研究

目前,普通高校汉语国际教育本科专业汉语语言类课程的教学大多还沿用以知识输入为导向的传统教学模式,已不能适应国际社会对汉语应用型人才的需求。因此,汉语语言类课程的教学改革已经成为一个亟待解决的问题,而实行模块化教学是解决上述问题的行之有效的途径。构建模块化的汉语国际教育专业汉语语言类课程体系,可提高该专业汉语语言类课程的教学效果,有助于促进人才培养目标的顺利实现。