青少年活体年龄鉴定操作规范的探讨

目前尚无公认的活体年龄鉴定操作规范或指导文献,各国及国内不同地区,甚至同一地区不同部门,采用的鉴定方法和技术手段各不相同,可能影响鉴定结论的科学性和准确性,甚至影响了司法鉴定的公平、公正。结合相关骨龄研究进展,就活体年龄鉴定的操作规范化问题进行初步探讨,提出了＂综合原则、均值原则、下限原则、及时原则＂等鉴定的基本原则,认为应综合多方法、多部位、多标准进行骨龄鉴定,同时结合牙龄、第二性征、营养状态和相关病理等影响骨骼发育因素的基本信息,综合地分析、判断并加以说明,期望促进活体年龄鉴定操作规范的研讨以及司法鉴定标准化的建设。同时,提出的＂鉴定四原则＂对于其他较复杂的和多因素案例的法医学鉴定亦具有借鉴意义。     

警察“被迫射击”的训练法研究

＂被迫射击＂相对于＂主动射击＂是公安机关人民警察使用武器执法的主要形式之一。根据当前我国的执法现状,各级公安院校应该将＂被迫射击＂纳入应用射击的课程体系当中,并通过法律法规训练、心理训练、技战术训练、体能训练以及模拟训练几个方面提高学员的＂被迫射击＂能力。     

深化理论武装有效性研究的初步思考

理论武装的有效性研究涉及到不同领域、不同学科，是一项复杂的系统工程。本文仅就其研究方法、重点难点及总体框架提出初步设想。理论武装有效性研究的方法主要包括调查研究、系统方法、矛盾分析等；其重点是解决理论武装的动力问题，难点是实现理论知识向信念和能力转化的问题；研究框架主要由三个部分构成，即：理论武装有效性的内涵及其评价标准，其实现条件以及主要制约因素，其提升路径。     

社区矫正比较研究：新视角与新境界——简评吴宗宪教授的《社区矫正比较研究》

比较研究有助于拓宽我国法治建设的视野,有利于我国法治建设的博采众长,这在社区矫正领域亦不例外。毋庸讳言,目前的比较研究存在＂过于宏观、译而不述、闭门造车、急功近利＂等问题,而反观吴宗宪教授的《社区矫正比较研究》一书,则对上述问题抱有必要的警觉并积极克服,是近年以来社区矫正比较研究领域的典范之作。因此,有必要结合对该书的...     

科研激励辩证观

强化科研激励,有利于提高教师的地位与待遇,有助于促进教研人员潜心开展研究,有益于实现"多出精品、多出人才"的目标。在强化科研激励的过程中,应当正确认识与妥善处理好若干辩证关系:克服官本位意识与尊师重教的关系,物质追求与精神追求的关系,增加经费投入与营造学术氛围的关系,提高主体觉悟与加强制度建设的关系,强化正向奖励与实施负面惩处的关系,重视教学与重视科研的关系。     

Taking Stock of Drug Courts: Do They Work?

ABSTRACT

Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike have long known about the established link between substance abuse and criminal behavior, criminal justice agencies in the United States are still tasked with managing an influx of individuals who display symptoms of abuse and dependence. By the late 1980s, the drug court model emerged as an innovative response to this problem, and this reform has since proliferated to such an extent that it is the most common type of problem-solving court in America. Still, there remains much variation in how drug courts are implemented across jurisdictions, which can have strong implications for the outcomes among the courts’ participants. In this review, we summarize the key research on drug court implementation, followed by an assessment of whether they can be said to “work” in terms of reducing criminal behavior and relapse among adults. We conclude that the model remains an evidence-based practice and suggest some directions for future work, including increased emphasis on theory and causal dynamics and key measurement issues.     

关于开设我国知识产权专业硕士学位教育的探讨

文章简述我国知识产权事业发展历程,归纳知识产权专业人才需求现状及趋势,论述了我国高校知识产权专业教育发展概况,从高校知识产权专业开设数量、招生人数、培养方向、课程设置、师资力量等方面分析了存在的问题,借鉴国内外相关学科开展专业硕士学位教育的经验与做法,提出尽快批准设置知识产权专业硕士学位、完善知识产权专业硕士实践能力培养机制、加大对知识产权专业硕士培养的宏观指导、推动出台鼓励知识产权专业硕士培养的配套政策等意见建议。     

城镇非正规就业女性福利权益保护的赋权性社会支持实践模式探析

非正规就业女性群体福利权益受损的原因可归为客观和主观两个方面.建立一个性别赋权的社会支持实践模式,对于非正规就业女性群体福利权的实现有着至关重要的意义.基于赋权理论的视角,社会工作者建立社会支持实践模式的主要目标在于帮助非正规就业女性通过发展能力,重建社会支持系统,获得资源和机会,从而克服权能障碍,改变不平等的权力结构,促进福利权实现.赋权的社会支持实践模式需要遵循以下基本原则:(1)互动性原则;(2)赋权性原则;(3)平等伙伴原则;(4)理性选择原则.社会支持实践模式的赋权性介入内容主要包括自我赋权、集体赋权和政策性赋权三个方面.     

A qualitative exploration of the experience of restorative approaches in a forensic mental health setting

Restorative justice (RJ) is an intervention gaining worldwide recognition in criminal justice systems and other settings. There is a growing evidence base demonstrating positive outcomes in a number of domains, but we found no previous research focussed upon the use of RJ in a forensic mental health setting. This study used a constructivist grounded theory analysis of semi-structured interviews to explore and develop a deeper understanding of RJ practices interventions in such a setting. Ten participants including RJ facilitators, patients and mental health staff took part in research interviews. Restorative interventions were found to be congruent with models of mental health and offender recovery. Processing emotions, developing thinking and coherent narrative, and immediacy are found to be key components of the intervention. The emergent model highlights the role of containment and a high level of facilitator skill when working with a complex, vulnerable and potentially unstable client group.     

It depends whose data are being shared: considerations for genomic data sharing policies

There is an urgent need for consistent data sharing policies that promote the advancement of science while respecting the values and interests of those providing their genetic data for research. Responding to the article of Jalayne J. Arias, Genevieve Pham-Kanter, and Eric G. Campbell, ‘The Growth and Gaps of Genetic Data Sharing Policies in the United States’, this commentary further explores the challenges of human subjects’ protection in existing data sharing policies. We will elaborate on the need for data sharing policies to accommodate variation in individual and group preferences around data sharing and privacy concerns by comparing our previously published data on patients’ and parents’ consent to data sharing and attitudes about privacy to data from focus groups with HIV-positive, underserved individuals who were asked about their willingness to participate in genetic research and share their data broadly. These studies support the observation of Arias, Pham-Kanter, and Campbell that researchers, and funding agencies will need to balance the privacy interests of groups as well as individuals in future genomic data sharing policies.