公司经营者忠实和勤勉义务诉讼研究——以14省、直辖市的137件判决书为样本

对14个省、直辖市的基层、中级和高级法院的137件经营者忠实和勤勉义务纠纷案件判决的统计显示：当前绝大多数涉案公司是有限责任公司和各类外商投资企业;以忠实义务为焦点的案件占绝大多数;大量案件的争议事项超出了法律列举的董事、监事和高管的禁止行为,法院经常援用概括性条款作出判决。法院在审判中进行不同形式的法律解释：一方面,多数判决倾向于形式化审查和机械解释,法院尽量避免脱离法律、行政法规和公司章程的实体性和程序性规则作出判断;另一方面,少数判决对案件进行实质性审查,对法条进行创新解释。审判实践提出的核心问题是,如何解释和适用《公司法》第148条第一款中作为概括条款的忠实义务和勤勉义务。     

Suicide behind bars: trends, inconsistencies, and practical implications

The results of two comprehensive approaches are compared: the nationwide surveys of suicides in U.S. jails by Hayes and the international meta-analyses of suicides in jails and prisons by Fazel et al. Factors are classified as demographic, situational, clinical, and methodical. More than 50% of U.S. jail suicide victims were men, white, unmarried, under 28 years of age, charged with minor or drug-related offenses, and intoxicated with drugs or alcohol. Suicides significantly occurred in isolation. Suicide victims in the international study were significantly (p < 0.001) men, white, married, pretrial, and charged with or convicted of violent offenses. Psychiatric diagnosis, alcohol abuse, taking psychotropic medication, and suicidal ideation were also positively correlated in the international study, but suicide victims were distributed more evenly over age-groups. Results of other studies illustrate the near universality of some findings. Three theories of suicide are briefly discussed.     

论宅基地使用权性质

宅基地使用权是宅基地使用权人依法享有的占有、使用农村集体土地建造住宅和附属设施并长期保有的权利。国内对宅基地使用权性质的认识有着不同学说,但要结合我国土地政策和现实农村经济社会发展之现实进行认识。宅基地使用权是一种准所有权,是物权效力十分强大的他物权,其类似于自物权。尽管《物权法》将宅基地使用权定性为用益物权,但是我国立法文本中的用益物权与大陆法系立法上的用益物权存在本质的差异。公共利益对土地及相关权利结构的设计不具有决定性,不能否定宅基地使用权的私权属性。     

Barriers to Cross-Systems Collaboration in Child Welfare,Education, and the Courts: Supporting Educational Well-being of Youth in Care Through Systems Change

Cross-systems collaboration between child welfare, education, and the courts benefits when challenges and priorities are identified early. We measured perceptions of educational stability in foster youth with a statewide survey of 1,603 professionals in education, child welfare, and the courts. Results reveal commonalities among perceived challenges to collaboration across systems (e.g., multiple foster care placements; school changes) and differences in perceived importance or significance of a given issue by professional group. Results guided collaborative work in Kansas and may assist other states seeking strategies that inform cross-systems collaboration to improve educational well-being for youth in foster care.     

试析就医权的滥用及其规范

本文在明确医患关系中就医权与行医权的法律涵义基础上,剖析了我国当前医患关系中存在的患方滥用就医权的常见情形,分析了限制就医权相关权能的法理依据,提出了引导患方依法行使就医权的三种途径。     

The Endowment of Patients with Mental Disorders and Its Influencing Factors: An Empirical Study Based in Shanghai

This paper explores the willingness of the patients with mental disorders and the influencing factors in choosing their way of old-age care, and puts forward the corresponding policy guidance. A total of 220 patients with mental disorders in Shanghai were surveyed with the purposive sampling method. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 test and multiple logistic regression method. The results showed that the selection of family support accounted for 23%, institution endowment by 12%, community home-based care took up19%, community nursing agency for patients with mental disorders accounted for 46%. Age, monthly income, type of mental illness, length of hospital stay, "raising children" attitude, and whether nursing homes accept elderly patients with mental disorders, all had significant influence on the old-age care inclination. Analysis of the old-age care inclination of the patients with mental disorder is unique. It is proposed that more construction of community nursing agency of mental disorders is necessary.     

监视居住制度评析——以2011年《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》为视角

2011年《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》(以下简称《修正案草案》)充分注意到了现行监视居住制度在实施过程中所暴露出的问题,并对监视居住制度进行了一系列的改造。《修正案草案》的立法初衷是将监视居住确立为一种减少羁押的替代性措施,但具体的条文设计却使监视居住制度产生了内部的分裂。在嫌疑人、被告人自己住所执行的监视居住可以被认为是一种非羁押性的强制措施,但指定居所的监视居住显然已成为一种羁押性的强制措施。因此,为了防止权力的滥用和充分保障嫌疑人、被告人的人权,对指定居所的监视居住需要进行更为严格的审查与控制。具体的审查、控制方法可以参照对逮捕的审查、控制方法,同时也需要确立对其进行定期羁押必要性审查的制度。另外还需确立错误指定居所监视居住的国家赔偿制度作为最后一道"防线"。     

新型农村合作医疗可持续发展研究——以临沂市新型农村合作医疗为例

改进和完善新农合制度,既是临沂市经济和社会发展的客观需要,又是广大农民群众的迫切要求。文章以临沂市新农合实施现状为例,采取访谈、文献等多种调查方式,对农民以及政府工作人员等进行深入细致的调查,在充分了解我市新农合发展状况的基础上,努力探寻影响该制度可持续发展的因素及可行的解决对策．以期为我市新农舍的健康运行建言献策。     

DESTINATION EFFECTS: RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY AND TRAJECTORIES OF ADOLESCENT VIOLENCE IN A STRATIFIED METROPOLIS*

Two landmark policy interventions to improve the lives of youth through neighborhood mobility—the Gautreaux program in Chicago and the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiments in five cities—have produced conflicting results and have created a puzzle with broad implications: Do residential moves between neighborhoods increase or decrease violence, or both? To address this question, we analyze data from a subsample of adolescents ages 9–12 years from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, a longitudinal study of children and their families that began in Chicago—the site of the original Gautreaux program and one of the MTO experiments. We propose a dynamic modeling strategy to separate the effects of residential moving across three waves of the study from dimensions of neighborhood change and metropolitan location. The results reveal countervailing effects of mobility on trajectories of violence; whereas neighborhood moves within Chicago lead to an increased risk of violence, moves outside the city reduce violent offending and exposure to violence. The gap in violence between movers within and outside Chicago is explained not only by the racial and economic composition of the destination neighborhoods but also by the quality of school contexts, adolescents' perceived control over their new environment, and fear. These findings highlight the need to simultaneously consider residential mobility, mechanisms of neighborhood change, and the wider geography of structural opportunity.     

浙江省人口老龄化和农村养老问题探讨--对社会养老保障实现城乡一体化的思考

文章基于对浙江省"五普人口"数据的分析,就浙江省人口老龄化发展速度、区域状况、农村老龄化所带来的社会负担、养老问题等进行研究.从理论层面和实践层面分析浙江省建立城乡一体化的养老社会保障体系的必要性并提出相应的对策建议.