Locating the Issue Public: The Multi-Dimensional Nature of Engagement with Health Care Reform

This research examines in detail the structure of the issue public for health care reform, drawing from extensive, nationally representative survey data tapping general attentiveness to news and public affairs, specific interests in health care issues, and motivations (e.g., personal health and financial conditions) to follow health care reform issues. We furthermore adopt a multi-dimensional approach to defining the contours of the issue public for health care policy, separately studying its cognitive, affective, and behavioral underpinnings. Results indicate only weak interconnections across these dimensions—measured through health care knowledge, holding strong opinions on health care issues, and participation in health-related political activities, respectively—and somewhat different structural and motivational patterns underlying each. Theoretical, conceptual and methodological implications of these findings are discussed.Vincent Price and Joseph N. Cappella are Professors in the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, where Clarissa David, Brian Goldthorpe, and Marci McCoy Roth are doctoral students. Gathering of the data reported here was supported by grants to Vincent Price and Joseph N. Cappella from The National Science Foundation (Grant EIA-0306801) and the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Views expressed are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect opinions of the sponsoring agencies.     

加快养老服务机构社会化进程

人口老龄化是人类社会进步的必然趋势,人口老龄化必然要求养老问题社会化,推动老年产业的发展。由于我国老龄化进程过快,政府必须及早做出应对,积极引导社会养老机构和老年产业健康有序的发展。     

Stability and change in subjective quality of life of adolescents in secure residential care

Subjective quality of life (QoL) is an outcome measure often used in the field of psychiatry. While upcoming strength-based rehabilitation theories place strong emphasis on subjective QoL, it has hardly ever been investigated in adolescents with severe psychiatric problems who are admitted to secure residential care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the stability and change of subjective QoL of adolescents with severe psychiatric problems. Additionally, the effect of discharge and re-entering society on subjective QoL was studied. In a four-wave longitudinal study, the subjective QoL of 172 male adolescents with severe psychiatric problems was examined. Five subjective QoL domains remained stable over time, while five other domains changed. A decrease in satisfaction with family relations and social participation was observed for discharged adolescents. These results warrant for continuing guidance of adolescents in order for them to positively adapt to a new life outside secure residential care.     

Evaluation of the improving access to psychological therapies for offenders programme at HMP Lincoln: a three year prospective cohort study

The mental health needs of prisoners are significant with a high incidence of common mental health problems including anxiety and depression. Extending national initiatives such as the National Health Service Improving Access of Psychological Therapies programme to people in prison offers a valuable opportunity to address these mental health problems and improve continuity of care from prison to the community. This study adopts an observational, prospective cohort design and evaluates an IAPT for offenders service over the first three years of operation within a male Category B prison holding remand/convicted prisoners. The evaluation found large effect sizes for changes in anxiety and depression with clinical recovery being achieved in 55% of depression and 52% of anxiety cases. On average, prisoners were treated in less than five sessions employing a low-intensity cognitive-behavioural approach. The lack of established formal diagnoses and a control group limits the findings.     

人口老龄化与老年人力资源开发研究——以扬州市老年人力资源为例

随着社会经济的发展,我国人口老龄化日益严重。人口老龄化对经济、政治、文化等方面都产生了重要的影响。本文认为开发老年人力资源是促进社会和谐、保障人力资源有效供给的有效手段,文章通过对我国当前老龄化数据分析,将扬州市的老年人口作为具体的研究对象,阐述我国老年人力资源开发的背景及现状,对现有养老模式进行分析,从而提出一种创新型的养老模式即"一院两制"的养老院,设计了一套针对这个养老院的管理信息系统,以实现我国老年人力资源的合理开发与有效利用。     

俄罗斯民生制度改革对我国民生建设的启示研究

俄罗斯在向市场经济转型的20余年中,多次对民生制度进行了改革。养老保障、医疗保障以及住房保障是解决民生问题的关键所在,世界上其他国家在解决民生问题上,也多予之制度保障和法律保障。经济转型时期以及全面深化改革时期的中国与俄罗斯有许多相似之处,因此,借鉴俄罗斯等其他国家的优秀经验无疑是十分有利和十分必要的。     

Kinship Guardianship,Adoption, and Foster Care: Outcomes from a U.S. National Sample

Using data from a national longitudinal survey of children referred to child protective services (NSCAW II), this article compares behavioral, child/caregiver relationship, and school performance outcomes for children residing in kinship and nonkinship settings. Up to three waves of data were gathered for each child. The analysis sample comprises 4,202 children and 10,881 observations. Two sets of regressions were completed. One represents family living settings using child-mean centered predictors while the other does so with dummy-coded variables. An advantage of the child-mean centered predictors is that omitted variables that vary between children but that are constant within each child do not introduce bias. The regressions using dummy-coded variables evidenced, on balance, somewhat better outcomes for kinship settings than for nonkinship ones. Good outcomes in these regressions were found for kinship adoption. Results with the child-mean centered regressions were more equivocal, though perhaps still favored kinship settings. Limitations and policy recommendations conclude the article.     

基于“治养并重”理论，运用推拿联合易筋经治疗 神经根型颈椎病临床观察

[摘要]目的 基于国医大师李业甫“治养并重”理论,观察推拿联合易筋经治疗神经根型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR）的临床疗效。方法 前瞻性收集60例CSR住院患者,依据其是否愿意接受易筋经习练分别纳入治疗组和对照组,两组各30例。治疗组患者在院接受推拿联合易筋经治疗,出院后1个月继续习练易筋经;对照组在院接受推拿治疗,出院后1个月无任何干预。分别于治疗前、治疗后、出院1个月后观察两组患者颈部肌肉弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）参数、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（neck disability index,NDI）量表评分,并于出院1个月后评定疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者DTI参数中患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,VAS评分,NDI评分均明显降低,患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌FA值均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,头夹肌FA值,NDI评分改善程度均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。与治疗后比较,出院1个月后除对照组患者患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌FA值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）外,两组患者胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,VAS评分,NDI评分均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且治疗组DTI参数、VAS评分、NDI评分改善程度均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 “治养并重”指导下推拿联合易筋经治疗CSR可修复颈肌纤维、减轻疼痛、提高颈椎功能及临床疗效,较单纯推拿疗效更佳。     

浅析家庭养老在当前我国农村的新发展

我国农村传统的、占主流的家庭养老在目前的社会经济变革时期面临着前所未有的挑战 ,有些学者因此提出农村家庭养老必将为社会养老所代替 ,社会养老是农村社会保障的最终发展方向。与其观点相反 ,文章从我国的国情出发分析了家庭养老存在的基础 ,指出了家庭养老在我国农村的可持续发展性 ,并提出了在当前形势下如何赋予家庭养老以新的内容。     

What Body Parts Do We Owe Each Other?

The American experience in organ transplantation illuminates the attitudes and practices that underlie the ongoing failure to establish a national health insurance system. In both spheres, the public makes a sharp divide between the well-being of intimates and the well-being of strangers. Private and public duties remain distinct; obligations recognized on a personal level do not expand public commitments. As a result, individuals must shift for themselves, whether they require an organ donor or a doctor. In the world of transplantation as in the world of health care more generally, we are all on our own.