股东表决权刍议

股东表决权是指股东基于其股东地位而享有的,就股东大会议案进行表决和对公司董、监事进行选举的权利,是股东权的基础.股东表决权行使原则,行使方式有其特殊性.针对我国公司股东表决权行使中存在的问题,在公司立法上应建立股东表决权的代理行使、书面行使,表决权信托制度;禁止对股东参加股东大会加以限制;建立股东表决权排除制度,累积投票制度;明确对股东大会表决、选举结果的公证制度.     

论我国担保法中的先诉抗辩权制度

我国现行<担保法>承大陆法传统,设定了先诉抗辩权制度,规定了保证人先诉抗辩权适格条件、法律效果及适用限制等,具有一定的可操作性;对于平衡保证合同当事各方权利义务、稳定我国社会经济生活关系,具有重要意义.     

试论对民事诉权滥用行为的规制

诉权是公民的一项宪法性权利.但民事诉权的行使一旦超出合法界限,损害他人合法权益,就应当承担相应的法律责任.本文剖析、阐述了民事诉权滥用的内涵以及对民事诉权滥用行为进行规制的理论与现实依据,并就对民事诉权滥用进行规制应注意的问题和如何进行民事诉权滥用规制进行了分析探讨.     

恐怖主义的嬗变及法律规制

以平民为目标,严重危害社会安全、破坏国际秩序的恐怖主义,是基于政治动机而使用暴力手段的现象,始于18世纪,20世纪以后演变为有组织的犯罪.当前,恐怖主义已从国内发展到国际,是国际社会安全的主要威胁之一.它是经济、政治、民族和宗教等各种矛盾的综合产物,有着深刻的历史背景,因而单纯地用军事手段不能彻底地解决问题.在当今世界,有效地防范和惩治恐怖主义,需要世界各国间的国际合作,尤其是推行打击恐怖主义的国际法律合作.进一步完善打击恐怖主义的国内法律机制,充分发挥已有的国际公约、国际组织和国际合作方式在打击恐怖主义方面的作用,缔结全面统一的打击恐怖主义的全球性国际公约.     

Forensic Facial Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Nasal Prediction Techniques

Prediction facial features from the skull are recurring theme on the forensic literature. The nose has been investigated since it has a significant role in facial recognition and the literature shows that there is not an universal method for nasal prediction. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to analyze what are the most consistent techniques of nasal reconstruction. Primary studies describing or validating nasal reconstruction techniques in adults and published in journals of Forensic Sciences were included in this review. Tedeschi‐Oliveira's method positioned nasal tip with acceptable accuracy as Gerasimov's method. The Krogman's and Iscan's technique underestimated nasal projection in North Americans. The Prokopec's and Ubelaker's method obtained accuracy in Caucasoid. George's method presented results similar to reference standard in Caucasoid. In a supplementary way, studies are needed to accurately estimate the nasal width.     

Legitimacy and institutional purpose

ABSTRACT

Institutions undertake a huge variety of constitutive purposes. One of the roles of legitimacy is to protect and promote an institution’s pursuit of its purpose; state legitimacy is generally understood as the right to rule, for example. When considering legitimacy beyond the state, we have to take account of how differences in purposes change legitimacy. I focus in particular on how differences in purpose matter for the stringency of the standards that an institution must meet in order to be legitimate. An important characteristic of an institution’s purpose is its deontic status, i.e. whether it is morally impermissible, merely permissible, or mandatory. Although this matters, it does so in some non-obvious ways; the mere fact of a morally impermissible purpose is not necessarily delegitimating, for example. I also consider the problem of conflicting, multiple, and contested institutional purposes, and the different theoretical roles for institutional purpose. Understanding how differences in purpose matter for an institution’s legitimacy is one part of the broader project of theorizing institutional legitimacy in the many contexts beyond the traditional context of the state.     

论纳税人诚实推定权的入法途径

诚实推定权由纳税人财产权与人格尊严权衍生而来,在立法中加以确认有助于落实税收法定、践行量能课税和提高纳税人遵从度。诚实推定权借鉴了刑法上的无罪推定和民法上的善意推定,其基本内涵是税务机关认为纳税人有少缴税款嫌疑时,应由该机关承担举证责任,证明强度应达到优势证据标准。我国应在修改《税收征收管理法》时,明确表达纳税人享有诚实推定权,同时准确界分纳税人的协力义务和税务机关的举证责任,强调逃税行为必须具备主观故意的要件,合理限定税收检查权。诚实推定权入法将对税收征纳实践产生影响,提高现有“计税依据明显偏低”的认定标准,使纳税人的正当理由诉求更有可能被认可,对逃税行为的界定也将更为精确。     

Testing the Universality of the Gender Equality–Peace Thesis: The Influence of Increased Gender Equality on Terrorism in Turkey

Gender inequality has been empirically linked to the incidence of terrorism, as a motivator for women’s involvement in terrorism, and political and social violence more generally. Although these studies demonstrate that advances in gender equality on average decrease terrorism, it is unclear how these influences translate to individual nations or conflicts. Because Turkey has witnessed consistent but unequal regional advances in gender equality, it provides an ideal setting to examine how these developments have influenced terrorist violence. Analyzing data from Turkey’s 81 provinces from 2000–2013, this study finds important regional differences in the influence of gender equality on terrorism.     

行政行为在德国行政诉讼中的功能变迁

行政行为概念功能的变迁,同行政诉讼制度的功能定位有着密切联系。行政行为是为划定公权力边界而创造的概念,当权利保护进入无漏洞救济的时代,行政行为无力承担这一功能,从而不得不让位于主观公权利。如果对行政行为做过于宽泛的界定,可能会导致其本来肩负的程序法上的定型化功能和诉讼法上的类型化功能的衰竭甚至丧失。如果我国行政诉讼也要确立无漏洞权利保护机制,可能需要考虑加强对“合法权益”等概念的研究,以适应权利保护的完整逻辑体系。     

Can We Blame it on Rio?

The Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games were the last major sporting event in a decade‐long cycle in the Brazilian metropolis. In the years leading up to the Rio 2016 Summer Olympic Games, the city's urban planning agenda was captured by the exogenous demands of hosting the quadrennial spectacular. This capture has exacerbated four tendencies that will pertain in Rio de Janeiro for the foreseeable future: consolidation of consumer sovereignty, restructuring of urban circulations, financialisation of urban territories, and securitisation of exception.