我国保险业面临的风险与对策

保险市场开放是我国加入WTO必须承担的一项基本义务,民族保险业客观存在的政策风险、经营风险、管理风险,迫切需要政府加快保险监管体系的建设,改善保险业宏观经营环境,健全、完善保险业内控制度也是历史的必然。     

风险社会的法理解读

风险社会理论在全球化浪潮的裹挟下已经成功地波及了世界上大多数国家,风险社会与社会风险是存在差异的概念,对风险社会的理解必须置于特定的语境和场域之中,中国的风险社会具有强烈的地域特色与时代背景。风险社会的生成引发了一系列社会变革和理念更新,法理学界应当认真对待这种大变革。文章主要从法律理念以及法律制度的构建与运行层面对风险社会进行法理学的解读。     

Program Awareness,Administrative Burden,and Non-Take-Up of Québec’s Supplement to the Work Premium

ABSTRACT

Program take-up is a necessary condition for program effectiveness. Yet, non-take-up is a significant challenge for many social programs, including Québec’s Supplement to the Work Premium (SWP), a refundable tax credit targeted toward long-term welfare clients. Based on interviews with 21 public actors and 46 program participants and nonparticipants, this study explains how low program awareness, the low value of the benefit and the significant administrative burden borne by potential and actual participants contribute to the non-take-up of the SWP in this sample. Moreover, four policy implications and recommendations that can inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of social programs, are derived from this study.     

关于构建我国地震保险法律制度的研究

近几年全世界进入了地震高发期,为此,地震频发国家都建立了地震保险制度,地震保险对防震、抗震、震后经济补偿都起到了很大的作用。我国目前还没有建立地震保险制度。本文在借鉴日本、美国地震保险制度的基础上,论证了在我国建立地震保险法律制度的必要性和可能性,得出了我国应依法开办地震保险的结论。     

论海上保险中承保风险增加时被保险人的通知义务

本文比较分析了在海上保险中承保风险增加时被保险人所负有的通知义务,论述了该义务的产生和履行的条件以及违反该义务的后果,并提出了可供我国立法参考的建议。     

The social bases of nuclear energy policies in Europe: Ideology,proximity, belief updating and attitudes to risk

This article analyses the social bases underpinning the widely different trajectories of nuclear energy policies across Western European countries. Employing a set of surveys carried out in the last thirty years, it examines the conditional effects of ideology and geographical proximity to a nuclear power plant on attitudes toward nuclear energy, as well as the long‐ and short‐term dynamics of belief updating after the occurrence of major accidents. Results highlight how proximity can strengthen, weaken or have no effect on the ideological component of these attitudes. Moreover, the publics of most countries with experience in nuclear energy display the traits of Bayesian dynamics of belief updating, especially in the vicinity of a plant. The article also shows the fairly exceptional traits of French public opinion. In conclusion, the broad social constraints within which governments operate, across time and space, shed light on the different policy trajectories of European countries.     

抽象危险犯的概念诠释与风险防控

风险刑法所关注的风险(危险)已经不局限于风险社会理论中的典型的现代性风险,抽象危险犯原本不是风险刑法的产物。抽象危险犯除了有法益保护前置化和积极的一般预防理论的支撑外,避免证明上的困难也是重要的、独立的理由。抽象危险犯的抽象危险可以是强制性推定的,但大多数是可以反驳的。抽象危险犯不同于行为犯、具体危险犯和行政犯,有独立存在的必要。对抽象危险犯的立法应当限制。对推定抽象危险的犯罪,司法认定需要进行两个层次的判断。对抽象危险推定的反驳并不意味着举证责任的转移。     

Associations between ward climate and patient characteristics in a secure forensic mental health service

Ward climate is associated with patient satisfaction and, potentially, with improved outcomes but increased understanding of its relationship with individual patient characteristics is required. We investigated relationships between patient (N?=?63) gender, perceived risk, risk behaviour, therapeutic engagement (session attendance), psychopathology and ward climate in a forensic psychiatric hospital. Lower security levels were significantly associated with better patient cohesion (PC), experienced safety (ES) and therapeutic hold (TH). Female gender predicted PC and ES. Higher perceived risk was associated with lower PC after controlling for security level and gender. Diagnosis of personality disorder or psychosis was associated with higher ES. Lower levels of engagement predicted greater TH. The relationship between patient characteristics and ward climate in forensic settings is complex. Prospective studies are needed to further establish determinants of ward climate, particularly those aspects of patient risk that are associated with poorer PC.     

Dynamic risk and violence in individuals with an intellectual disability: tool development and initial validation

Without a violence risk assessment designed for people with an intellectual disability (ID), assessors are reliant upon tools developed for mainstream offenders or develop their own tools. This study describes the early stages of development of the Current Risk of Violence (CuRV), an informant-reported measure of dynamic risk for aggression in adults with an ID. The pool of items was generated from a multitude of sources. Predictive accuracy for aggression was tested prospectively among 64 adults with an ID and history of aggression. The 34-item CuRV was found to be a brief, uncomplicated risk assessment. Initial findings revealed good predictive validity over a five-month period: area under the curve (AUC) range from .72, 95% CI [.59, .85] to .77, 95% CI [.66, .89]. These preliminary findings suggest that the CuRV may assist staff to perform assessments of risk in busy clinical settings. Future research effort is needed to fully explore the psychometric properties of the CuRV.     

产品涉入、感知风险与金融商品再购意愿

以具有金融商品购买经验的顾客为研究对象,探讨后危机时期顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿的影响。通过引入金融风险属性和顾客风险偏好,剖析顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿的影响,并在此基础上构建顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿影响的整合研究架构。通过对494位具有购买金融商品经验的顾客调查数据研究发现:首先,产品涉入不仅能够降低感知风险,而且还能提升顾客对金融商品的再购意愿,而感知风险却抑制了顾客对金融商品的再购意愿;其次产品涉入不仅能够直接作用于再购意愿而且还能通过感知风险间接作用于再购意愿;最后产品涉入和感知风险对再购意愿的影响会受到顾客风险偏好和金融商品风险属性的干扰。