论民间法与纠纷解决

一切规范的存在,都是为给纠纷解决预备一套方案,民间法也不例外。文明时代的纠纷解决方式,一般分为三种：一种是司法诉讼方式,其规范运用的特点是以法律为主,以民间法为辅,即使在司法调解中,也保持这一特点。另一种是诉讼替代性纠纷解决方案,如调解、仲裁等,其规范运用的特点是在法律、民间法的选择上,难分彼此,说不上谁主谁辅,在这种纠纷处理中,当事人本身具有规范适用的选择权和权利处分的选择权,这就使规范的运用要灵活得多,更多时当事人之间还通过主持人自己协商处理规范——制定纠纷解决协议。第三种是私力救济,它可以分为启动形式合法的私力救济和启动形式非法的私力救济。在私力救济中,其规范运用反倒是以民间法为主,国家法最多只为辅助。如上情形的出现,乃是因为司法的目的是为了判断是非,而诉讼替代性纠纷解决方案以及私力救济解决纠纷的目的,主要是为了平息矛盾。     

官邸制的国际比较与借鉴

官邸制是主要针对高级官员的一种住房制度。对于官邸，官员只有居住权而没有产权，任职期间入住，卸任后即搬出。官邸制在国外有着长期历史，许多国家的相关制度已经相当完善，在官邸的适用范围、主要功能、使用管理规定、管理机构、运营维护、监督惩治等方面都有明确具体规定。我国的官邸制尚处于初步探索阶段，借鉴国外官邸制经验，中央政府需要在官邸的建设、分配、使用、管理、监督等方面进行完善的制度设计，建立符合我国基本国情、具有中国特色的官邸制。     

构建健康发展的中国房地产市场对策

目前，房地产市场调控的当务之急在于稳定房价，避免其大幅度的上涨，唯有这样才能稳定民心，促进房地产市场的健康发展。而对房价的调控需要循序渐进不能冒进。政府首先要做的是遏制部分城市商品房价格疯狂上涨的态势，唯有阻止其上涨，才能慢慢的降下房价。若单从价格机制入手，一味打压商品住宅的价格，而忽略宏观上调节等其他影响房地产发展的因素，往往适得其反，必然会限制房地产业的发展。     

Fighting Housing Discrimination in Europe

ABSTRACT

There is no exact European equivalent to the U.S. Fair Housing Act. The member states of the European Union (EU) have transposed into law the EU Racial Equality Directive of 2000 that prohibits discrimination in, among other things, access to the supply of goods and services, including housing, on the basis of race. Most housing discrimination case law so far comes from nonbinding decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and European Committee of Social Rights under the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. This article explains how the European context of discrimination and segregation differs from the American, reviews the major legal conventions establishing equal rights in housing, protected classes, and key precedents. It discusses how mixing policies in social housing are the primary mechanism to reduce residential segregation in Europe. The special case of extreme discrimination against the Roma is presented, before concluding with some comparative observations.     

Fair Housing After “Big Government”: How Tax Credits Are Reshaping the Legal Fight Against Racial Segregation

ABSTRACT

In June 2015, the Supreme Court ruled, in a 5–4 split decision, that facially neutral state policies and practices that unintentionally segregated minorities could violate the Fair Housing Act. This article draws on the Texas fair housing litigation to engage broader debates on fair housing as a legal framework, and its potential for disrupting or transforming patterns of structural inequality. Specifically, it examines how shifts in the ways that society designs and implements housing policies may encourage courts, advocates, and legal actors to think about fair housing issues in new ways. Moving beyond the emphasis on disparate impact, my findings elaborate on two mostly overlooked ways that LIHTC reshapes the legal battleground in the fight for fair housing, by opening contentious debate on (a) the state level of government, and (b) passive government administration of policies. I interpret these effects as unintended consequences of the gradual shift toward market-driven policies that allow officials to govern at a distance.     

The Tragedy of Public Housing: Spatial Analysis of Hotspots of Aggravated Assaults in Louisville, KY (1989–1998)

In a community-level analysis, this study examines violent crime hot spots and displacement patterns in the city of Louisville, KY, from 1989 to 1998. Park DuValle, a neighborhood in Louisville, KY, was one of the major historic hot spots for assaults until 1998. The revitalization of the two vulnerable low-income public housing developments in Park DuValle, combined with the acquisition of nearby dilapidated and unattended private property by the Housing Authority of Louisville, caused a shift in the clustering pattern of assaults at Park DuValle in the 1997 and 1998. Maps revealed that assaults were displaced from the Park DuValle neighborhood to the Central Business District—the neighborhood where the majority of former residents of the Park DuValle public housing units were relocated. Both Park DuValle and the Center Business District were associated with low-income census blocks in Louisville, KY. These low-income public housing developments have exhibited a higher incidence of aggravated assaults. The results are discussed in the context of the possible revitalization of low-income public housing units. The study concludes that clustering and displacement of assault hot spots as well as emphasis on the decentralization of low-income residents need to be addressed further.     

关于加强大学生心理健康教育工作的思考

加强大学生心理健康教育工作是新形势下全面贯彻党的教育方针、实施素质教育的重要举措,是促进大学生全面发展的重要途径和手段,是时代发展的需要,是社会全面发展对培养高素质创新人才的必然要求。     

关于农宅建设的调查与思考

农村住宅的现状是与村庄的历史文化、风俗习惯、社会活动、地理环境、经济发展紧密相连的。建国以后，由于村庄社会结构的变迁，村民住宅在不同的历史时期表现出了不同的特征。近年来，农宅在快速增长的过程中产生了一些问题，产生这些问题的原因应从农民自身的经济、文化和社会生活中去寻找，作者在文中提出了解决农宅问题的建议。     

Transit-Induced Gentrification: Who Will Stay,and Who Will Go?

Abstract

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been promoted by planners and policy advocates as a solution to a variety of urban problems, including automobile traffic congestion, air pollution, and urban poverty. Since the enhanced accessibility offered by transit proximity is often capitalized into land and housing prices, many express concern that new transit investments will result in the displacement of the low-income populations likely to benefit most from transit access, a phenomenon which we term transit-induced gentrification. Whereas policy advocates have proposed a variety of interventions designed to ensure that affordable housing for low-income households is produced and preserved in areas proximate to transit stations, little is known about the effectiveness of these policy proposals. This article relies on an integrated land use/transportation model to analyze how TOD-based affordable housing policies influence the intraurban location of low-income households. We find that affordability restrictions targeted to new dwellings constructed in TODs are effective tools for promoting housing affordability and improving low-income households’ access to transit while simultaneously reducing the extent of transit-induced gentrification.