Criminal record stigma,race, and neighborhood inequality

Justice-involved people experience high levels of housing instability and residential mobility, making the housing search a recurrent part of life. Little is known, however, regarding how criminal record stigma functions in the rental housing market. This article examines how housing providers use criminal records to screen tenants in the rental housing market and whether it varies by type of neighborhood. I conduct an online correspondence audit to test discriminatory behaviors and find an adverse criminal record effect on housing opportunities. Many housing providers disqualify all tenants with a criminal record, even without information about the severity or timing of offenses. The criminal record effect is significantly stronger in gentrifying neighborhoods and in neighborhoods where the proportion of Black residents is dwindling. Tenant screening emerges as a central obstacle faced by the justice-involved population, vital to understanding the web of disadvantages that traps so many in the wake of the carceral state.     

从纳税人权利保护看房产税改革

2011年1月国务院常务会议同意在部分城市进行对个人征收房产税改革试点,1月28日上海、重庆两地政府决定对部分个人征收房产税试点,使房产税改革一时成为热点话题。传统的税收征纳观念强调税收的强制性、无偿性,强调国家与纳税人权利义务的不对等,应以房产税改革为契机,转变税收征纳观念,以平等的税收债务理论统筹立法,在房产税改革的过程中为全社会树立纳税人权力观念。     

Rethinking Locational Outcomes for Housing Choice Vouchers: A Case Study in Duval County,Florida

This study examines locational patterns of housing choice vouchers in Duval County, Florida, using the Housing Suitability Model (HSM), a newly developed geographic information system–based model that evaluates residential land parcels and neighborhoods in terms of their suitability for affordable housing. The HSM was used to characterize voucher locations and other residential parcels across the county in terms of opportunity and accessibility. The analysis explores the tradeoffs between opportunity and accessibility inherent in many neighborhoods throughout the county. It finds that voucher holders' locations lag substantially behind other residential locations in terms of opportunity measures but are more comparable in terms of accessibility. Further analysis finds differences in opportunity and accessibility among subgroups of voucher holders by various demographic characteristics. The study recommends the incorporation of opportunity and accessibility for voucher holders into local housing planning, including the implementation of proposed rules for Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing.     

恩格斯《论住宅问题》对解决我国住房问题的启示

恩格斯《论住宅问题》对解决我国住宅问题的指导价值和启示主要有三个方面。一是根据住宅所有权和使用权可以分离的商品特性,在全社会倡导＂不求所有、但求所用＂的住宅消费新理念;二是建立和完善分层次的住宅供应体系,通过向社会提供多样化、差异性的住宅产品满足广大工薪阶层＂居者有其屋＂的消费需求;三是在利用资本的同时要注意节制和限制资本;四是缩小城乡差距,合理分配各种优质资源。     

关于建立民法自助行为制度的思考

现代法律关于权利之保护,以公力救济为原则,一般不允许私力救济。但有时难免对权利之保护不周,因此,法律容许一定条件下的自助行为。我国由于民事立法上自助行为制度的空缺,使某些民事合法权益得不到有效保护。在民法上确立自助行为,对完善我国的民事法律制度,更加充分地保护民事主体的合法权益,从而维护正常的社会经济秩序是非常必要的。我国民事立法应参酌国外相关法例,将自助行为确认为民事权利保护的一种特殊手段。并对其要件、行使范围及限度、使用方式、效力、监督和汇报制度做出规定。     

Forms of fettering: application forms and the exercise of discretion in the welfare state

ABSTRACT

Application forms are often the compulsory interface between citizens and their social rights. Applicants for support must navigate the questions, checklists and blank spaces in often long, detailed documents to assert their social entitlements. Given their ubiquity and the central role they play in the administration of the welfare state, it is perhaps surprising that they have been neglected in favour of a focus on other documentation, principally policy and guidance. This paper argues that the non-fettering ground of review – a principle whose jurisprudence is tied to the design and use of policy – also engages application forms. Through an analysis of 271 application forms used to administer the localised Discretionary Housing Payment scheme in England, three examples of their fettering potential are provided: the imposition of exhaustive criteria; requiring the applicant to self-classify or disclose irrelevant considerations; and constraining responses through tied evidential requirements. By arguing that the non-fettering ground should not limit itself to one kind of document (policy) when administrators are so reliant on another (application forms), the paper’s broader agenda is to argue that principles of good administration should apply to all documentation used to administer social entitlement.     

我国城市房屋拆迁中的法律问题解析

现行《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》将其定位为一种拆迁人与被拆迁人之间的民事关系,是存在合宪性争议的。同时,政府在城市房屋拆迁中并非处于＂配角＂的地位,政府应当对公民的私有财产权承担不作为义务和保护义务。由于我国的相关法律没有强调正当程序对财产权的保护,导致了拆迁权的滥用,激化了社会矛盾。     

离婚时夫妻一方婚前按揭购买婚后共同还贷房屋性质的认定与分割——兼评《婚姻法解释（三）》（征求意见稿）第11条

近年来,离婚时夫妻一方婚前按揭购买婚后共同还贷房屋性质的认定与分割成为我国司法实践中的热点问题。对此问题的处理,一些省高级人民法院的司法指导意见不尽一致。针对此问题,《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释（三）》（征求意见稿）第11条的相关规定具有一定的合理性,但其是否公平保障了基于基本人权而衍生的婚姻家庭住房权仍有待商榷。作者认为,对此问题的处理,应当综合考虑以下四个因素：夫妻双方的约定、房屋产权登记的时间、夫妻共同财产还贷部分所占购房款总额的比例以及婚姻家庭住房居住权的保障。     

浅析入户盗窃型盗窃罪

在过去,入户盗窃的危害性始终未被重视,但随着经济发展,人们户内财产价值日益增高,同时,入户盗窃后被户主发现后转化为暴力型犯罪的情况越来越多,人们对于户内住宅安宁的权利渴望越来越大。2011年,刑法修正案(八)出台,入户盗窃正式以"零数额限制的身份"纳入盗窃罪的入罪标准。但由此对于该情形的司法实践争议也逐渐浮现。从立法背景和司法实践等角度,分析入户盗窃型盗窃罪,是解决争议的有效途径。     

“小产权房”问题对策研究

近年来，商品房价格的持续攀升，使得“小产权房”以其绝对价格优势迅速获得购房者的青睐。该文首先对“小产权房”的合法性提供实在法和法理上的支撑，然后运用利益衡平方法分析“小产权房”背后的利益博弈关系，最后在上述基础上提出对策。