The transportation-credit mortgage: a post-mortem

Abstract

Over the past decade, public housing has become the nation's “housing of last resort.” This article examines the emergence of this social role and describes the conditions of resident economic and social distress that have accompanied it. In this context, the article also evaluates the problem assessment and recommendations of the National Commission on Severely Distressed Public Housing, which released its final report in August 1992. This evaluation is used as the basis for proposing a new social role for public housing defined around the concept of social capital.

The commission correctly identified concentrations of resident distress, such as high proportions of extremely poor and female‐headed families, as a major problem facing distressed public housing. However, the recommendations of the commission were much less satisfying. Rather than confronting directly the tenant selection policies that have produced these aggregations of resident distress, the commission held to an unrealistic optimism that social services and economic development initiatives could relieve these conditions. For changes in public housing tenant selection policies to occur, an alternative social role for public housing must be defined. Under this alternative role, a primary objective of the public housing program would be to give residents access to social capital. Such an approach would ensure that families of the working poor are integrated with the nonworking poor in public housing developments, thereby fostering those sinews of community connection and trust the essential features of social capital and the sources of hope and opportunity.     

The politics of institutional reform in Italy

This article reviews the recent Italian debate on possible constitutional and institutional reforms aimed at improving governmental decision‐making capacity. In the first section, the post‐war institutional developments are briefly discussed to show how the present problems have emerged. Various reform proposals affecting the electoral system, Parliament and government are then analysed, together with the political pre‐conditions and consequences linked to their possible adoption. With reference to these political considerations, the various kinds of reform are evaluated in terms of their capacity to achieve their goals and of their acceptability to the political parties.     

产业创新系统理论下中国跨境电子商务发展研究

该文依据产业创新系统理论,从产业创新系统视角分析了中国跨境电子商务发展要素及其联动关系;构建了多主体协同推动,由环境、网络和知识技术等子系统通过相互作用而构成的跨境电子商务发展综合系统模型;深入分析了该模型的各个子系统及其相互关系,在此基础上提出了发展中国跨境电子商务的建议和策略。     

中俄边境地区旅游开发潜力分析

旅游作为我国经济发展新的增长点和部分地区的支柱产业已经发展到了“国内、边境、跨国”三游并举的新阶段 ;作为俄罗斯新兴的经济部门 ,旅游业收入也在逐年增加。因此 ,发展以俄罗斯为主的客源市场 ,保持边境地区旅游特色 ,开发边境地区的旅游合作之潜力是中俄两国发展旅游业的当务之急。     

从乃堆拉山口的开放看西藏与南亚边境贸易的发展

20 0 3年 6月印度前总理瓦杰帕伊访华期间 ,中印两国共同签署了关于经由西藏与锡金之间的乃堆拉山口 (Nathula)进行边贸活动的谅解备忘录。由于乃堆拉山口具备了重要的经济价值 ,因此它的开放必将对西藏与南亚边境贸易的发展带来一定的影响。本文对这一问题进行了初步的探讨和分析。     

延安时期陕甘宁边区廉政建设的经验

延安时期 ,陕甘宁边区成功地进行了廉政建设。其经验主要是 :加强了政府的廉政制度建设。此外还有 :倡导勤能补拙 ,俭以养廉 ,反对奢侈浪费 ;警钟长鸣 ,时时提醒、告诫党政干部保持廉洁作风。     

Will the North’s secessionist winds blow South? The past,present, and future of self-determination and border change in Africa

World politics tend to go through cycles of long periods of stable borders followed by bursts of secessionist movements. For this reason, it is important to examine whether the two recent cases of secessionism in the Northern Hemisphere symbolise such a turn in world politics. After reviewing the Catalan and Kurdish secessionist movements, the article turns to the history of secessionism in order to distil comparative insights and lessons. The main part of the article examines six categories of secessionism in Africa. In particular, the emphasis is on highlighting the various historical patterns of self-determination and border change in Africa. The final part is a comparative reflection on the future of secessionism in Africa.     

互联网、大数据、人工智能与科学立法

在具有连接一切、去中心化、跨界融合、计算一切等特征的互联网、大数据、人工智能的新时代背景下,立法正面临一场历史性的变革:立法要靠数据说话,更需要数据思维;可以广泛征求民意,更需要高度关注网络舆情;既面临破除部门利益法制化的重要机遇,也面临难以找到立法共识的重大难题;立法要么主动创新,要么被动改革;部分工作可能被人工智能所替代。深化依法治国实践,需要推动互联网、大数据、人工智能和全面依法治国的深度融合,树立数据思维,发挥"众智"作用,深入进行数据挖掘,以创新思维推进跨界融合,应用人工智能,运用互联网技术和信息化手段来推动科学立法。     

碳关税的合法性分析——以WTO为视角

WTO与碳关税有关的规则主要包括GATT1994中的边境调节税、最惠国待遇原则、关税约束原则、国民待遇原则、一般例外条款等。碳关税在本质上是一种与碳排放有关的进口环节边境调节税。GATT1994第20条可能成为碳关税合法的依据。WTO争端解决案例为分析这一问题提供了有益的资料。碳关税的设计只有满足一定的条件,才能符合WTO规则。     

用民生建设统领经济建设——陕甘宁边区经济建设的历史经验新探

高度关注民生事业和民生建设,用民生建设统领经济建设,是中国共产党在陕甘宁边区执政时期领导经济建设最重要的历史经验。在陕甘宁边区经济建设史上,民生建设对经济建设的统领,体现在边区人民经济的发展,注重边区人民的健康卫生、教育事业和社会保障体制的建设等方面。此外,还体现在对生态建设及其与经济建设和谐关系的初步认识和政策实践上。