The counterfactual fallacy: Confusing what might have been with what ought to have been

The thesis of this article is that reactions to misfortunes are often biased by the counterfactual fallacy: the tendency to view events that can easily be imagined otherwise as events that ought not to have been. Drawing upon a diverse set of empirical findings we demonstrate that victims' and observers' reactions to misfortunes depend on the extent to which the event prompts them to generate counterfactual thoughts or images of more positive alternatives. We discuss the factors that determine the ease with which a negative event can be imagined otherwise, along with their relevance to a variety of justice-relevant responses, including perceptions of deservingness, recommendations for compensation, and blame assignment.     

Sociological interpretations of legal development

This paper seeks to outline some ways in which sociological inquiry has helped to interpret general processes of legal development. It comments on a few aspects of a vast subject. Furthermore, it was commissioned in a specific context of debate: as part of an agenda of discussion of the relative merits and potential of sociological and economic analyses of law. Hence, to provide a setting for what I try to argue about the character and value of sociological interpretations of legal change, it seems appropriate to preface those arguments with some general ideas about the nature of sociological inquiries in legal contexts and about perceived contrasts between the orientation of these inquiries and what I take to be certain orientations in economic analysis of law. Accordingly this paper is in two parts. The first offers a few prefatory remarks on the character of theoretically guided sociological inquiries about law (sociology of law). The second discusses various kinds of interpretation of legal development, which have been offered from the perspectives of sociology of law.     

Why procedural justice in organizations?

This article reviews the existing research and theory on procedural justice and considers how it may be applied to the study of organizational behavior. It begins by distinguishing between the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice and noting the historical contexts within which they emerged. Existing conceptual contributions and the research inspired by them are reviewed. The few existing studies applying procedural justice notions to organizational contexts are summarized, and the contributions of the articles to the present issue of this journal are reviewed relative to these efforts. The article closes by discussing the dual benefits of studying procedural justice in organizations: the enhanced understanding of the concept of justice and the behavior of people in organizations.     

Incentives and beneficence

Whether an action is beneficent may depend on its effect on incentives for future behavior of the beneficiary. This strategic consideration makes our moral account of beneficence far more complex than most discussions suggest. Its effect on utilitarian and Kantian moral theories is discussed. In general, strategic incentive considerations recommend institutional rather than individual resolution of many problems, so that moral theory must in part be political and institutional.     

进城务工女性劳动和社会保障权益保护的现状分析及对策建议——以新《妇女权益保障法》为视角

《妇女权益保障法》是一部以妇女为主体,以全面保护妇女合法权益为主要内容的基本法,本文以其为视角,探讨分析进城务工女性劳动和社会保障权的立法、执法和司法的环境进行深层的剖析,分析产生的原因,提出对策建议。     

网络互动中青年亲和社会需求的实现

网络互动是一种全新的人际互动模式,它改变了人们交往过程中吸引力诸要素的排列顺序,是青年人释放情感的最佳方式,网络互动形成了网络亚文化群体,有利于实现青年人的亲和社会需求。     

社会权司法救济之宪政分析

社会权是与自由权同等重要的宪法权利。透视各国宪政实践可以清晰地观察到,社会权宪法化及其救济司法化的趋势业已形成,并以三种方式呈现巨大的发展潜力。一是宪法明确规定社会权,并视之为主观权利予以直接司法救济;二是宪法没有明确规定社会权,但确立了司法审查,通过适用正当程序和平等保护原则予以间接司法救济;三是宪法规定社会权作为国家政策指导原则,且视之为客观权利予以间接司法救济。很明显,社会权具有一定范围和程度的可诉性。     

“人”在当代中国社会发展中的、地位和意义——中国哲学界关于“以人为本”的研究

人类历史进入到二十一世纪,有关“人”的问题日益成为当代中国社会发展的一个核心问题“。人”在当代社会发展中的地位和意义集中体现在“以人为本”的科学发展观上“。以人为本”既体现了当代中国社会发展对人的高度重视,也为中国化马克思主义哲学提出了一个当代性课题。     

村级集体经济发展滞后的原因及对策

村级集体经济问题是新农村建设中亟待解决的问题。目前,由于我国的村级集体经济产权不明晰、产业层次低、外部扶持不够、机制不够健全、人才不足等原因使村级集体经济的发展面临困境。因此,应健全村级集体经济的组织领导、调整经济结构、促进运营机制,提高村级集体经济的市场竞争能力,加快新农村建设进程。     

认识社会公正的几个视角

社会公正是社会主义的核心价值取向,是现代社会的基本价值理念和基本规则。社会公正既是现代社会基本制度安排和设计的主要依据,也是社会各个群体之间赖以进行良性互动的基本规则。只有基于社会公正,社会方能实现安全运行和健康发展。转型期的中国社会需要社会公正理论。