论国家法与市民社会的默契——对一起“不予行政许可案”的法社会学“凝视”

政府对门头牌匾的行政许可以民间协议为前置条件,这是国家制定法与民间私人协议默契合作的一个新范例。作为一个创新的行政指导模型,其主要的价值和意义在于:具有作为公民参与下之“善法”的优良品质;通过在国家意志和公民意志之间建立双向互动、共同决定的价值整合平台促进社会和谐;促进并提高了公民对其权利实现的实际操作能力;同时也可以有效减少行政管理成本、帮助政府减少抗法事件的产生。这种制度设计成功地克服了经济学中所谓的“信息不对称”问题。该模型对其他类似行政许可事项有全国性参照和指导意义。     

试论构建和强化中国的“软实力”

“软实力”主要包括相对“硬实力”而言的文化观吸引力、政治价值观吸引力及塑造国际规则和决定政治议题的能力。近年来,中国的“软实力”正在逐渐形成和强大。进一步构建和强化中国的“软实力”,要靠建立和谐社会与和谐世界,还要善于施展和平外交影响力,充分发挥中国文化的独特作用。     

延边经济发展软环境建设的问题与对策

建设良好的发展软环境是推动延边经济发展的重要保证,也是全面建设小康社会的紧迫需要。建设经济发展软环境必须抓住关键问题,加大组织领导力度,保证软环境建设工作的健康发展。     

Gender effects in attitudes about family violence

We present results of perceptions of family violence from 176 telephone interviews conducted in a Standard Metropolitan Area in Northwest Arkansas. Four research questions are examined: (1) How do men and women differ in their perceptions about the seriousness and causes of family violence? (2) Do men and women differ in their acceptance of specific acts of interpersonal violence and does the gender of the aggressor and victim affect gender perceptions? (3) Do men and women differ in their views about the effectiveness of different intervention agencies? (4) Do men and women differ in their willingness to report acts of child abuse and does the gender of the parent and child affect the likelihood of reporting? Results indicate that females consider the problem as more serious and view public responses to family violence as more effective. Both male and females are more tolerant of acts of aggression and violence if directed by a woman toward a man. Females are more likely to report child abuse but there are significant interactions between the respondent's gender and the gender of the parent and child.     

Regional International Organizations and Individual Immigration Attitudes: Results from Finite Mixture Models

When are individuals more likely to support immigration? We suggest here that regional international organizations (IOs; for example, the European Union) publicly release reports about the scale and benefits of immigration to member states in the region in which these IOs operate. We argue that unlike individuals who are uninformed about immigration, informed individuals who have more knowledge of the main regional IO in which their country participates will be more likely to employ immigration reports released by their regional IO to construct their immigration attitudes. They will also perceive that these reports are credible. The credibility of these reports helps individuals with more knowledge about their region’s main IO to view immigrants favorably, which translates to support for immigration. We test our prediction by developing a finite mixture model that statistically accounts for the econometric challenges that emerge when uninformed individuals “save face” by disproportionately opting for the middle “status quo” category in ordinal survey response variables of immigration support. Results from the finite mixture model corroborate our prediction and are more reliable than estimates from a standard ordered probit model.     

Gender attitudes and the police in Bosnia and Herzegovina: male officers’ attitudes regarding their female counterparts

Utilizing survey data collected from 127 male Bosnian police officers, this study examines the impact attitudes toward women, individual characteristics, and work experiences have on officers’ perceptions of their female colleagues. It is hypothesized that officers who hold more traditional, patriarchal attitudes toward women will view females as incapable of effectively carrying out police work, regardless of their own work experiences, or demographic characteristics. Results suggest that a majority of Bosnian policemen believe that women are equally as effective as men in all aspects of policing, however, many still cling to stereotypical views of policing and continue to view female officers negatively.     

Crime victims and attitudes towards the police: the Israeli case

Crime victims are a critical component of the criminal justice system. Their evaluations of the police have been studied through victimization and public attitude surveys mainly in the US and the UK. This study, which utilizes data from a large scale community survey conducted in Israel in 2008, finds that victims’ attitudes towards the police are significantly more negative than those of non-victims regarding police treatment, performance, and trust in the police. This study is the first to compare the views of victims and non-victims in Israel, while focusing on a wider array of attitudes than previously examined.     

论文化软实力建设的“中国自信”

中国语境下的文化软实力与其初始概念有本质区别,在多元社会思潮涤荡、传播和持续扩散的时代背景下,坚守中华民族共同的精神家园和思想高地,增强中华文化的凝聚力、感染力和创新力,持续提升国家文化软实力,就要进一步坚定国家文化软实力建设的自信心,这种自信体现在国家文化软实力建设的道路自信、理论自信和制度自信三个方面。     

Reforming me softly – how soft law has changed EU return policy since the migration crisis

Abstract

In the wake of the 2015/2016 migration crisis, EU policy-makers have urged returning more irregular migrants. In order to achieve this, the EU has adopted a series of non-binding documents for European administrations (such as the EU Return Handbook) and agreed on informal return deals with countries of migrants’ origin including Afghanistan. This article argues that the EU’s shift towards soft law has not altered the EU’s return policy in a profound way. Yet, it has managed to ‘convert’ EU return policy by emphasizing a particular interpretation of existing hard law (towards more restrictive practices and a stronger focus on ‘efficiency’). The soft law approach has also allowed policy-makers to signal action in times of crisis at lower legislative and sovereignty costs.     

中国文化传统中的凝聚力与软实力

对于处于战略防守方的中国而言，越是要向外拓展软实力，就越是要重视挖掘自身的凝聚力。凝聚力与软实力本来就是一体两面的，均源于文化自身的吸引力，尽管其着力点不同，却共同决定了一个国家的精神潜力。应当注重从外人的眼光来反思中国的历史文化传统，因为对中国是凝聚力的东西，对外人往往就是软实力。中华民族延续不断的历史，其“衰而又兴”的凝聚力，正是中国最柔韧的软实力。国家统一与地方文化多元发展的和谐共存，其“和而不同”的凝聚力，正是中国最亲和的软实力。即使共同经历的灾难，也会不可思议地加深各族人民之间的凝聚力，因为正是处在一个命运共同体中，才会同甘共苦，共同期待未来。但是，从“协和万邦”古老理念到倡导“和谐世界”新国际安全观，并不一定意味着皆大欢喜的和平红利，也可能带来不确定性危险，因为对西方而言，这可能意味着道德和意识形态层面的挑战。中国的文化软实力，不应只是怀柔感化作用的代名词，还应包含和体现敢于力抗强者、主持正义、维护公正等精神内涵与道德形象，当然，这就更需要自身具备坚不可摧的凝聚力。