National Identity as a Means of Reducing Ethnic Negativism

This article discusses how national identity in Russia is understood by the public and among experts who study ethnic issues. The author separates the notion of national identity into categorical identity and associative identity (i.e., the consolidating type of identity which is based on a strong feeling of connection with other citizens). The latter type of identity is present only among a third of people who identify themselves as Russian. The author further analyses the connection of this type of identity with inter-ethnic negativism. She finds that national identity does not remove bias toward abstract “others.” However, it affects direct inter-ethnic communication in the labor and family spheres. The positive impact of national identity on inter-ethnic attitudes is more apparent in the Astrakhan region, which has longer experience of inter-ethnic communication. It is argued that one obstacle to national identity having a positive impact on inter-ethnic attitudes is the lack of a clear and consistent understanding of national identity among education experts, social scientists, and journalists. The study utilizes data from Wave 24 of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology (“The dynamics of social transformation of modern Russia in the socioeconomic, political, sociocultural, and ethno-confessional contexts,” Wave 4) and several separate regional polls conducted by the Department of Ethno-sociology of the Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Science between 2014 and 2016.     

大学生绿色消费观念和行为的实证研究——以南通大学为样本

绿色消费是可持续消费的重要组成部分,是实现经济社会可持续发展和缓解资源环境压力的重要途径。作为未来消费的主力军,当代大学生是绿色消费的重要践行者,对推动和普及绿色消费起着举足轻重的作用。课题以南通大学为样本,对部分大学生进行消费观念和行为现状的实证调查,探讨了大学生绿色消费的特点和规律,分析了大学生绿色消费行为的影响因素和决策机制,提出了推进大学生绿色消费的对策和建议。     

Antisemitic and anti-Israel actions and attitudes in Canada and internationally: a research agenda

ABSTRACT

Brym’s article critically reviews data and the small body of published research on the relationship between antisemitic and anti-Israel attitudes in Canada and internationally with the aim of identifying key questions that Canadian and non-Canadian researchers who are interested in this contentious issue might profitably address. It derives a series of hypotheses from the literature review and discusses methodological approaches to testing them.     

How pedophilic men think about adult-child sex: effects of child gender and physical maturity

To date, very little research has tackled whether pedophilic men’s attitude towards adult–child sex depends on characteristics of the adult or the child involved in such acts. This study examines the effect of the child’s gender (male vs. female) and physical maturity (pre-pubescent vs. early pubescent) on the moral evaluation of apparently noncoercive adult–child sex in a 2?×?2 factorial online vignette experiment. One hundred eighty-three English-speaking pedophilic men rated their agreement with moral arguments on the Immoral Sex Scale, as well as whether they believed this behavior to be typical for a child. The results revealed considerable inter-individual differences, with about one third showing restrictive moral attitudes. Contrary to our expectations, gender and physical maturity neither affected the perceived morality of the sexual act, nor beliefs about the representativeness of the child’s behavior. However, when controlling for confounds, pedophilic men believed that boys were more likely to willingly engage in adult–child sex. Furthermore, participants with stronger liberal attitudes were found to be more likely to defend the sexual act, as were participants with a preferential interest in pre-pubescents. There was no link between attitudes towards adult–child sex and sexual offending, replicating the non-associations reported in previous community surveys.     

Race and decision making within juvenile justice: The importance of context

Previous tests of the influence of race on decision making within juvenile justice proceedings have traditionally focused on case-level variables and/or macrolevel factors that characterize the jurisdictions under study. Often excluded are measures of the attitudinal context within which decision making occurs. Using a revised conflict perspective that incorporates the role of racial stereotyping, hypotheses are developed centering on racial differences in case processing decisions within four midwest jurisdictions. Attitudes of juvenile court officials toward the punitiveness of the juvenile court and perceptions regarding differences between the behavior and attitudes of whites and those of African Americans are included in additive and race interactive models of five decision-making stages. Results indicate both lenient and harsh treatment of African Americans compared to whites. Hypotheses regarding racial stereotyping in the decision-making process receive some support and the discussion focuses on how inconsistent racial effects may be a function of variation in structural “coupling” across system decision points.     

国人头面部软组织厚度的MRI测量

用磁共振成像（MRI）方法对498例（男274，女224）中国汉族人头面部31个标志点（正中线16，侧面15）的软组织厚度分7个年龄组进行了测量。结果表明，国人（汉族）头面部软组织厚度一般随年龄增长而增厚，大约在45～59岁最厚，60岁以后又开始变薄；男女性头面部软组织厚度有性别差异，在大多数测量点男厚于女，在19个测量点中有显著性差异（0．01＜P＜0．05）。个体因素对颜面上下部软组织厚度有不同影响，下面部软组织厚度受个体因素影响较上面部大。     

软条款信用证浅析及风险防范

信用证主要分为不可撤销和可撤销信用证两大类。然而实践中却产生了另一类UCP5 0 0所无法调整的信用证 ,即软条款信用证。软条款信用证有两个特点 :(一 )受益人议付货款时 ,除提供贸易合同规定的单据外 ,还须提供信用证加列条款的结汇单据 ;(二 )某些结汇单据是受益人 /卖方无法通过自己履约行为来获得 ,其有效性也受到买方 /开证申请人或第三方行为意志的制约。对信用证软条款的处理应以预防为主 ,并时刻注意运用合同与相关法律的规定保护自己的合法权益。     

Explaining Capital Punishment Support in an Abolitionist Country: The Case of the Netherlands

A substantial minority (35%) of the Dutch population is in favor of capital punishment. In this paper, it is argued that in a staunchly abolitionist country such as The Netherlands, the existence and perseverance of such support can be better understood and explained by conceiving of capital punishment support in attitudinal terms as part of a law and order syndrome. Death penalty attitudes are analyzed by means of hierarchic logistic regression analysis. It is shown that support can be modeled quite well, partly in terms of general attitudes to criminal justice, partly in terms of political and sociodemographic parameters. Within the criminal justice attitudes complex, more support is found among those endorsing harsh treatment of offenders, those willing to grant far-reaching powers to justice authorities, those believing that the government is not delivering on the topic of crime fighting, and those who are concerned about the level of crime. Within the political context, more support is enlisted among people who abstain from voting and those who vote at either extreme of the political spectrum as opposed to central parties' supporters. In sociodemographic segments it is the younger and poorly educated who are the strongest supporters of capital punishment. It is suggested that endorsing capital punishment can be better understood as an expressive act, displaying dissatisfaction with judicial and political elites in the country.     

生态环境中科技异化的技术对策

科技的应用给人类带来了环境问题,而环境问题依然需要用科技去解决。我们相信,人们能够解决自身带来的环境问题。