青少年网络犯罪的原因和对策

青少年网络犯罪原因包括虚拟空间中道德和法律观念的异化与失衡,网络立法具有滞后性和不完善性,不规范的网络环境导致青少年社会化不足,网络亚文化诱发青少年网络心理障碍和青少年犯罪心理的形成等方面。预防青少年网络犯罪的措施包括加强对网络的监管力度,处理好网络法律与网络技术监控的关系,加强防控网络犯罪的国际合作等方面。     

Weapon choice and American political violence

Research Summary
The criminal use of firearms presents a unique challenge to policymakers and is the subject of scientific study in fields such as criminology, public health, sociology, and law. Previous research has described firearm use by terrorists in the United States as uniformly common; however, little systematic attention has been focused on this phenomenon. Although valuable, progress in this area has been hampered by the absence of reliable quantitative information. Using data from the American Terrorism Study and the U.S. Sentencing Commission, we examine the firearm-offending characteristics of 923 federal felons and 336 terrorists.
Policy Implications
Findings indicate that many systematic differences exist between terrorists and other types of federal felons and that terrorists are more likely than other felons to be convicted of firearm-related crimes. We recommend that official efforts to monitor weapons sales—such as the Brady Act—continue to include those named on the terrorist watch list and that those named on the list be subject to additional law-enforcement scrutiny when attempting to purchase firearms. These efforts should be coordinated by federal law-enforcement agencies to facilitate the effective use of existing antiterrorism mechanisms in both blocking purchases and garnering intelligence on terrorists attempting to obtain firearms.     

Shooting Down a Hijacked Plane—The German Discussion and Beyond

The article examines whether state officials may shoot down a hijacked airplane which carries uninvolved passengers, if it is known that the plane will be used against the lives of other human beings. In its first sections, it explains the German Federal Constitutional Court’s verdict against such a permission, and it scrutinizes the crucial arguments in this ruling (restrictions on the use of military weapons; human dignity arguments). The author then extends the discussion beyond the path taken by the court. She examines the defensive claims of passengers aboard the plane and the protective claims of potential victims who are present at the hijackers’ target zone. In contrast to the German Federal Constitutional Court, she concludes that state officials must take the claims of both groups of potential victims equally serious, and that such conditions allow applying a consequentialist calculus (“save the greater number”) because it is the only way out of a genuine dilemma.     

从中国大城市基层政府管理体制改革看城市管理及社会治理(下)——以北京市街道办事处管理体制改革为例

(二)街道管理体制改革、机构设置及组织图1.关于街道新组织图的几个新机构的职能及组织关系的说明(见图2)(1)地区党建联席会(协会)。非常设机构,由辖区各单位负责社区党建的副书记组成。其职能是:制定辖区单位党组织和党员参加社区建设的计划,各单位分工并承担相应任务,动员各单位党组织对社区建设提供各种资源支持,并组织各单位党组织交流社区党建经验。市、区党委应制定“社区党建联席会(协会)条例,”以明确该组织的性质、职责、权利及行为规范。(2)街道地区管理委员会。“报告”指出,地区管理委员会是街道主持的辖区的行政事务组织协调机…     

A Carbon Dioxide Fatality from Dry Ice

Abstract:  This report documents a rare case of carbon dioxide intoxication in a young healthy male. The deceased hid in a small plastic container, size 1.5 × 1 × 1 m, and within 5 min he was located suffering convulsions and was reported as dead within minutes. Scene investigation revealed dry ice in the container. Autopsy findings were unremarkable. The probable cause of the convulsions was carbon dioxide intoxication due to both the dry ice sublimation and the small confined space in which he was hiding. This report emphasizes the significance of scene investigation in establishing the cause of the death.     

海域物权的法律思考

海域是一种类似不动产的物 ,可以成为所有权的标的 ,但海域作为他物权的标的物 ,却非以海域的整体而为其“组成部分” ,故海域突破了民法之物的概念。海域所有权不是一种对海域占有、使用、收益和处分的权利 ,而是一种保护海域的国家义务和责任。海域使用权应当商品化 ,但其不是一种纯然以对海域的使用收益为目的的权利 ,应当在海洋生态和环境的保护与海洋资源的利用之间 ,寻求适当的平衡     

关于我国物权法中是否规定空间权的思考——兼评《物权法（草案）》中关于空间权的规定

空间权制度的产生是伴随着世界范围内科学技术的发展而产生的.空间权在一定条件下是完全可以单独存在的,它可以是单独的用益物权.创立空间权具有重要的现实和历史意义.我们现在所探讨的空间权实际上应该是指空间利用权.在<物权法>中要以独立的一节集中地规定空间权制度.空间利用权制度应当包括空间利用权的设定及期限;空间利用权的取得;空间利用权的限制;空间利用权的登记;空间利用权的转让、抵押、出租等.     

Violent Crime in the Urban Community: A Comparison of Stockholm and Basel

In this article the authors present some preliminary findings from a comparative study of police recorded violent crimes in Stockholm and Basel. They present the first results from a comparative analysis of the situational context, the ecology of crime, and of offender residences in these cities. There is impressive evidence of basic similarities in the situational context of violent crime and the residential distribution of violent offenders. Yet there are also significant differences, some of which may have interesting implications for crime prevention. Firstly, violent crime seems to be more highly concentrated during weekend nights in Stockholm than in Basel. Secondly, they find evidence that the presence of weapons in a community increases the risk of more serious outcomes of violent events. Efforts to reduce the availability of weapons may thus have significant effects on the outcomes of violence, but not necessarily on its frequency. Thirdly, they show that offenders in both cities are highly concentrated in socially disorganised communities with few economic and social resources.     

What Kind of Security Concept Does Our World Need?

While the threat of war has decreased,there have appeared intricate security issues that affect all aspects of human life,breaking through various defenses and threatening the well being of all actors in the contemporary world,including nations,groups and individuals.This risky situation calls for a new security concept,one that transcends traditional state centrism,national supremacy and coercion.The new security concept,which should assimilate the general theory of grand strategy,focuses on a vision that spans time and space,valuing humankind as it exists as one of the dynamic factors of nature and society.The essentials of the new security concept are to recognize balanced development as the substance of security and to govern national strength and the application of means and tactics.It aims at realizing comprehensive security across various social fields within states,to achieve mutual security among national,international and individual actors,as well as harmony between man and nature,continuous security leading to lasting and universal peace in the future.     

Notes on expanding the concerns of peace research

This paper attempts to develop an approach to the problem of peace, the world order approach, and suggests some general directions for research in psychology intended to describe global conditions and to promote solutions to critical human problems. The author stresses the need for enlisting psychologists whose work focuses on the humanistic aspects of peaceful interactions.

The paper is divided into four sections. The first section presents the author's view of the current world situation; one that suggests expanded research and action in peace studies. The second section develops the concept of world order to complement the more restricted view of peace research that is often adopted. The third section develops the idea of constructing a global monitoring system designed to describe the global problem of peace. The final section proposes some broad directions for research in psychology that hopefully build upon previous and current efforts in the field.