环境犯罪学与社区警务

环境犯罪学研究产生犯罪的环境原因。其主要理论包括:防卫空间理论、破窗理论和防卫环境设计理论。借鉴这些理论与实践措施,对我国社区警务有积极意义。     

治安防控中的时空整合

治安防控是中国公安机关适应新形势下动态治安管理需要所采取的新举措。在治安防控中进行时空整合,有利于提高快速反应的实战能力,有利于提高我们发现和预防犯罪的能力,有利于发现和打击现行犯罪和预谋犯罪。     

ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS AND URBAN CRIME: THE STRUCTURE OF SHARED ROUTINE ACTIVITY LOCATIONS AND NEIGHBORHOOD‐LEVEL INFORMAL CONTROL CAPACITY

By drawing on the work of Jacobs (1961), we hypothesize that public contact among neighborhood residents while engaged in day‐to‐day routines, captured by the aggregate network structure of shared local exposure, is consequential for crime. Neighborhoods in which residents come into contact more extensively in the course of conventional routines will exhibit higher levels of public familiarity, trust, and collective efficacy with implications for the informal social control of crime. We employ the concept of ecological (“eco‐”) networks—networks linking households within neighborhoods through shared activity locations—to formalize the notion of overlapping routines. By using microsimulations of household travel patterns to construct census tract‐level eco‐networks for Columbus, OH, we examine the hypothesis that eco‐network intensity (the probability that households tied through one location in a neighborhood eco‐network will also be tied through another visited location) is negatively associated with tract‐level crime rates (N = 192). Fitted spatial autoregressive models offer evidence that neighborhoods with higher intensity eco‐networks exhibit lower levels of violent and property crime. In contrast, a higher prevalence of nonresident visitors to a given tract is positively associated with property crime. The results of these analyses hold the potential to enrich insight into the ecological processes that shape variation in neighborhood crime.     

小区停车位权属分析

物权法草案第六稿确定了业主对小区的停车位享有优先使用权,尊重了业主的利益和开发商的利益.但其停车位的归属采用约定的方式作为优先的选择方式,虽体现了意思自治,但不利于保护业主的利益,应采用法定方式优先,以约定为补充.     

公共空间运用大规模监控的法理逻辑及限度——基于个人信息有序共享之视角

为应对现代化进程中的社会风险,安抚公众对风险的恐慌情绪,公共空间大规模监控随之诞生,并迅速在现实社会和网络空间中全面运用。公共治理不能取安全保障而舍隐私保护,公共空间大规模监控的运用并非以牺牲隐私权为代价,而是在保障安全法益的同时兼顾隐私法益的保护。在此"既保障安全,又保护隐私"的法理念下,公共空间大规模监控的运用体现了风险治理从个人本位走向社会本位的转变趋势,并促进了个人信息保护从自主支配到有序共享的逻辑转换。为寻求安全保障与隐私保护之间的平衡路径,在公共空间合理运用大规模监控措施,就必须加强信息收集、存储、使用的阶段性控制,建立个人信息合理使用制度,实现个人信息的有序共享。     

Claiming rights in exile: women’s insurgent citizenship practices in the Thai-Myanmar borderlands

ABSTRACT

This paper examines insurgent citizenship practices employed by activists in the exiled Burmese women’s movement from the 1990s and onwards. Consisting of political exiles, refugees and ethnic insurgents, this movement has successfully used the transnational, transitory space of the borderlands to constitute its participants as political subjects with legitimate claims to rights, citizenship and leadership. Drawing on interviews, this analysis interrogates women’s activism through the lens of insurgent citizenship practices. Thus, how have Burmese women’s activists claimed rights and lived citizenship in exile? Three main strategies are examined: firstly, women activists have positioned themselves as political actors and authorities through involvement in governance and humanitarian aid delivery in refugee camps. Secondly, they have claimed rights and political subjectivity through engagement with international norms, networks and arenas. Thirdly, they have claimed citizenship and political influence in oppositional nation-making projects through engaging with and negotiating ethno-nationalist armed struggles. The analysis highlights the multifaceted nature of women’s insurgent citizenship practices, showing how they navigate multiple marginalized subject positions, direct their rights claims towards multiple governing authorities, and enact multiple political communities.     

论空间视角下的流域治理法律机制

流域治理法律机制关注法律作用于流域治理的系统性、动态化过程。作为法律机制的作用对象,流域是以水为核心要素和纽带形成的特殊空间。这一空间特质对流域治理法律机制具有塑造作用,其具体表现在法律机制的维度、边界、组织结构和具体手段等四个方面。但是,囿于传统一元空间观下对流域的"水系空间"定位,法律机制的上述四个方面分别存在整体性、系统性、协同性、实效性问题。当前,中外流域治理的最新发展经验表明,作为一个"社会--生态系统",流域应当升级为多元空间观下的"国土空间"。有鉴于此,流域治理法律机制亦需相应地对上述四个方面加以完善,以实现流域治理的法治化。     

内生性脱贫视角下的农村妇女与合作组织——以山西PH与河南HN两个农民合作社为例

精准脱贫工作的重要内容是激发贫困群众脱贫的内生动力,防止返贫现象发生。当前在农村大量男性劳动力外流的背景下,很多农村妇女已成为乡村家庭及其社区的中坚力量,也成为农村脱贫工作中的重要群体。如何激发农村妇女的内生动力成为当前精准扶贫工作中的一项重要内容。本文以内生性脱贫的视角对山西省永济市和河南省灵宝市两个由当地农村妇女主导创办的合作组织进行观察后发现:合作组织的形式可以有效地激发农村妇女的内生动力。自发形成的妇女合作组织更倾向于以社会建设和文化建设为工作抓手,重塑乡村社区公共文化空间,以此为基础形成可持续、生态化的乡村产业与就业创新模式。可以看到,农村妇女身上蕴藏着的智慧与力量,经过合作组织的形式激发,成为村庄脱贫和社区良性治理的内生动力,这是乡村振兴发展的重要路径。     

当前我国非直接利益冲突频发的体制性根源

近年频发的非直接利益冲突是社会矛盾的新形态,是改革开放过程中经济—政治—行政—社会等体制性弊端日积月累的必然产物。这些弊端主要表现为经济利益高度分化所导致的"相对剥夺感"、参与制度供给不足所导致的"权利贫困"、公共权力异化和政府治理能力滞后所导致的"合法性危机"及公民社会发育不良所导致的"公共空间萎缩"。     

构建公安派出所为基点的反恐工作模式的思考

由2014年"0301"昆明火车站砍人事件引发出的恐怖袭击影射出了我国当前国内反恐工作形势严峻,三股恐怖主义势力活动猖獗。针对此严峻现状,公安机关理应根据恐怖主义活动的特点,并着眼于基层公安派出所的日常建设工作,提出一套以公安派出所为着眼基点的反恐工作模式,在构建方面重点为以下四个方面:一是强化人力资源网络的建设;二是建立合理的奖励机制;三是设计高效的信息搜集——行动支援反应机制;四是对恐怖组织进行有针对性的压缩行动。