防暴警察反恐怖行动中特种武器装备及其运用

防暴警察是维护国家安全和社会稳定的一支重要武装力量,在反恐怖行动中发挥着“拳头”和“尖刀”作用。文章分析了防暴警察反恐怖行动的特点;围绕防暴警察反恐怖行动的任务需要,探讨了反恐怖行动中的几种特种武器装备及其运用。     

Does appealability foster more citizen-friendly decisions at the street level?

Unbiased conduct is an essential part of the social contract between the state and its citizens. Yet, when tasked with settling disputes between citizens and other state officials, are public administrators truly impartial in their resolutions? Such a question is vital for street-level bureaucrats whom the public perceives as the face of governance. This study investigates the relations between the pro-citizen tendencies in street-level bureaucrats' resolutions, their internal appealability, and the discretionary space under which they are made. Using quantitative analysis of real-world lower-court rulings in Israeli tax disputes between 1980 and 2021, the research findings indicate that unregulated expansion of street-level bureaucrats' discretionary space relates to favoring the state's arguments in their resolutions and may impair procedural fairness. The findings also imply that regulation promoting citizens' right to appeal such resolutions within their agency, can increase street-level bureaucrats' pro-citizen tendencies and potentially counteract such outcomes.     

澳大利亚网络安全战略的新内涵与新动向

澳大利亚致力于打造公私部门间"共同领导""共同责任""自我约束"和"自主治理"的网络安全治理新模式,以维护网络空间的安全与稳定、保证国家网络安全、实现数字经济效益的最大化。当前,澳大利亚的网络安全战略正处于转型期,特恩布尔政府在继承既有战略的基础上,对澳大利亚的网络安全战略进行了适时调整,包括增加对"印太地区"的网络安全投入、保持澳美网络安全战略的联动性、提高网络进攻能力以适应互联网军事化需要等。目前,网络空间无政府状态下中美权力的竞争态势正在加剧,澳大利亚的网络安全战略会带有一定的干预主义性质,并向"前沿防御"方向发展。受此影响,澳大利亚的对华网络安全政策可能会面临冲击。但是,中国与澳大利亚的网络安全合作仍在向前发展。虽然中澳网络安全合作仍处于起步阶段,但澳大利亚对中国建设网络强国持欢迎态度,愿意与中国就制定网络行为规范、维护网络空间秩序开展合作。     

西安坊上回族居住空间与言语社区的分化

居住空间的分化是族群内部分化的外部表征。20世纪90年代以来,西安坊上回族社区的居住空间分化为自建房和单元楼两种形式,并形成了相对独立的两个子社区。对调查数据的量化和质化分析发现,居住空间的重置引发了坊上回族社区语言使用和语言认知的分化,回族通过不同语言变体的选择及其价值判断,强化子社区内部的言语规范和身份认同。研究表明,从居住空间视角深入探索语言变体社会意义的演变,有助于揭示说话人新的身份认同的构建机制。     

内生性脱贫视角下的农村妇女与合作组织——以山西PH与河南HN两个农民合作社为例

精准脱贫工作的重要内容是激发贫困群众脱贫的内生动力,防止返贫现象发生。当前在农村大量男性劳动力外流的背景下,很多农村妇女已成为乡村家庭及其社区的中坚力量,也成为农村脱贫工作中的重要群体。如何激发农村妇女的内生动力成为当前精准扶贫工作中的一项重要内容。本文以内生性脱贫的视角对山西省永济市和河南省灵宝市两个由当地农村妇女主导创办的合作组织进行观察后发现:合作组织的形式可以有效地激发农村妇女的内生动力。自发形成的妇女合作组织更倾向于以社会建设和文化建设为工作抓手,重塑乡村社区公共文化空间,以此为基础形成可持续、生态化的乡村产业与就业创新模式。可以看到,农村妇女身上蕴藏着的智慧与力量,经过合作组织的形式激发,成为村庄脱贫和社区良性治理的内生动力,这是乡村振兴发展的重要路径。     

论空间视角下的流域治理法律机制

流域治理法律机制关注法律作用于流域治理的系统性、动态化过程。作为法律机制的作用对象,流域是以水为核心要素和纽带形成的特殊空间。这一空间特质对流域治理法律机制具有塑造作用,其具体表现在法律机制的维度、边界、组织结构和具体手段等四个方面。但是,囿于传统一元空间观下对流域的水系空间定位,法律机制的上述四个方面分别存在整体性、系统性、协同性、实效性问题。当前,中外流域治理的最新发展经验表明,作为一个社会--生态系统,流域应当升级为多元空间观下的国土空间。有鉴于此,流域治理法律机制亦需相应地对上述四个方面加以完善,以实现流域治理的法治化。     

公共空间运用大规模监控的法理逻辑及限度——基于个人信息有序共享之视角

为应对现代化进程中的社会风险,安抚公众对风险的恐慌情绪,公共空间大规模监控随之诞生,并迅速在现实社会和网络空间中全面运用。公共治理不能取安全保障而舍隐私保护,公共空间大规模监控的运用并非以牺牲隐私权为代价,而是在保障安全法益的同时兼顾隐私法益的保护。在此既保障安全,又保护隐私的法理念下,公共空间大规模监控的运用体现了风险治理从个人本位走向社会本位的转变趋势,并促进了个人信息保护从自主支配到有序共享的逻辑转换。为寻求安全保障与隐私保护之间的平衡路径,在公共空间合理运用大规模监控措施,就必须加强信息收集、存储、使用的阶段性控制,建立个人信息合理使用制度,实现个人信息的有序共享。     

试构“伟大工程”中党员主体的三维空间

“党的建设伟大工程”是实现“四个伟大”的根本和核心,之于攻克当下发展矛盾问题,之于实现中华民族伟大复兴之路具有决定性作用。基于主体在系统中客观存在的自主性、主导性和能动性,本文以塑造党员主体为视角,以规矩、品德、信仰的三个维度阐述,着力构建“全面从严治党”牢固而立体的三维空间。     

Citizenship,minorities and the struggle for a right to the city in Istanbul

Globalization is generating new forms of citizenship that often go beyond the institutional perception of social identity. These new forms of citizenship are developed in a scalable way to a greater extent than rights and obligations, and are entirely managed by the citizens themselves. To demonstrate empirical support for this issue, the case of minority communities in Turkey constitutes one of the most relevant examples, since citizenship in this country has long been associated with an idea of political loyalty and total allegiance to the nation-state. The main purpose of this article is to show how urban space and urban protest allow minorities to find alternative forms of expression for their collective identity, and to create a new understanding of citizenship beyond the classical definition, being based instead on institutional representation. The aim of this research is to examine the process of urban transformation in Istanbul, how this phenomenon shapes the structure of cities and how it gives rise to social resistance and protest, especially in neighborhoods housing minority communities. In this context, the article focuses on planning movements in Turkey through a comparative study of two urban planning projects and the citizens' protests against them.     

Everyday Legitimacy in Post-Conflict Spaces: The Creation of Social Legitimacy in Bosnia-Herzegovina's Cultural Arenas

Abstract

The international community has long been criticized for its lack of social legitimacy in Bosnia-Herzegovina and its creation of a dysfunctional public space in the light of people's everyday experiences of peace. This article contends that, as a result, legitimacy has been moved from such public spaces to semi-public spaces, wherein the public and the private are interrelated. One example is local cultural arenas, where hopes emerging in people's everyday lives are projected onto alternative visions of peace and a corresponding social contract. In that sense, cultural agencies have served as alternative social locations of legitimacy due to their closer connection to people's lives and needs.