正确认识依法治国与党的领导的关系

正确认识和处理依法治国与党的领导的关系，关乎着依法治国方略的贯彻实施与党的领导和执政地位的加强和改善。依法治国与党的领导既有区别又有统一性，依法治国是加强和改善党的领导的有效途径，加强和改善党的领导是依法治国的根本保证。二是相互依存、相互促进、密不可分。同时，正确认识依法治国与党的领导的关系，还须澄清两种错误认识。一要澄清依法治国会削弱党的领导的错误认识，二要澄清坚持党的领导会妨碍依法治国的错误认识。     

REEVALUATING WHERE WE STAND: A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF AMERICA'S FAMILY JUSTICE SYSTEMS

The call for court reform remains critical in the face of the growing complexity of burgeoning family law cases nationwide. Many states have restructured their court systems using the unified family court model, resolving legal, personal, emotional, and social disputes with the aim of improving the well‐being of families and children. Other states utilize the traditional approach, resulting in cases being handled in a fragmented, time‐consuming and expensive manner. In this article, Professor Barbara A. Babb presents the results of her nationwide survey regarding how each state handles family law matters. The survey is a follow‐up to her comprehensive 1998 survey and her 2002 survey update. The results of the recent analysis reveal that a total of thirty‐eight states now have either statewide family courts, family courts in selected areas of the state, or pilot or planned family courts, representing seventy‐five percent of states. The number of states without a specialized or separate system to handle family law matters has decreased from seventeen states in 1998 to thirteen in 2006. These changes are significant when one considers the complexities involved in court reform. The need for court reform remains an urgent one, as family law cases occupy a significant percentage of court dockets across the country. Families and children deserve a court system where justice is effective and efficient and where their legal, personal, emotional, and social needs are resolved in a therapeutic and holistic manner.     

论村民自治权运行中的权力制约问题

村民自治权具有权利、权力双重属性。作为权利,村民自治权很容易受到国家行政权的限制、干涉或侵害,这就要求限制行政权在自治领域的效力,削减行政强权对自治权的压制;作为权力,村民自治权很可能侵害村民个体权益,甚至造成多数人对少数人的暴政,这要求国家立法权和司法权适度介入自治领域,防止自治权的滥用与无度。因此,必须合理划分和界定国家权力与村民自治权之间的比例关系,通过立法权和司法权介入自治权的运行过程,实现对国家行政权力和村民自治权力的制约,以维护和保障村民权益,使国家权力、村民自治权、个体权利在村民自治权运行过程中达致平衡与和谐。     

问责国家元首的实证研究——以中外历史上不同的政治生态为平台

人类历史上曾经出现过专制与民主两种不同的政治生态。在专制条件下,作为世袭的君主,其权威至高无上,不容置疑,因问责君主必将有损于其形象而不被允许。在宪政条件下,国家元首是民选的,问责制的出台自然可行,只是这样做的事实依据与法理依据何在,元首能否同一般官员一样由行政法进行问责,在问责的过程中是否应当考虑其他因素的影响,等等,因其属于政治与法律的边缘课题,不仅需要相关理论的支撑,更需要从实证的角度作出有力的佐证。作为由专制向民主的转型的威权政治形态,囿于传统思想及尊君心理的影响,欲要问责于国家元首何其难矣,因此也需要作深刻检讨。     

依法立法是依法治国的首要环节

就对公共权力的制约而言 ,依法治国的全部要求包含依法立法、依法行政、依法司法三个方面 ,其中 ,依法立法是依法治国的首要环节。它的主要涵义是立法的精神和原则、立法的主体资格、立法的权限范围、立法的程序规范都必须得之于法律 ,以及对立法的合法性可以予以司法审查 ;而在所有的法律中 ,人民的利益是最高的法律。     

孙中山权力制约思想初探

孙中山先生总结了中国数千年文明史的政治智慧，深入研究了欧美国家的政治思想、制度，结合中国的国情，提出了一整套治国理念和方针，核心是主权在民与权力制约。主要内容有民主共和思想；五权分立；军政、训政、宪政思想及选举、罢免、创制、复决四大权利学说等。对后人的有益启示是：要用法律切实保障公民的经济地位；要打牢基层民主自治的坚实基础；必须摆正主人与公仆的关系；要重视国家政体的建设与改革。     

Ephemeral ‘communities’: spatiality and politics in rangeland interventions in Mongolia

In recent years, the number of community-based natural resource management projects for rangeland conservation and development has grown rapidly in Mongolia. Such projects seek to develop social capital through the formation of herder groups and pasture user groups, in order to enable the coordination of complex, collective tasks needed for sustainability. Through analysis of social networks, interviews and ethnographic data from two places where such projects have been implemented, Bayanjargalan, Dundgovi, and Tariat, Arkhangai, the paper demonstrates that the spatiality of pastoral social relations is much more extensive than assumed by these projects. Furthermore, rather than being neutral technical interventions, such projects are embedded in and proliferate politics. They often bolster the informal power of wealthy herders who gain more access to pasture, while at the same time leading to tensions between different levels of government and becoming objects of struggle between Mongolia’s two dominant political parties. For all of these reasons, these efforts have tended not to build trust, and the ‘communities’ they create, in the form of herder groups and pasture user groups, have tended to be ephemeral.     

理论上的成熟是政治上成熟的基础

无产阶级政党理论上的成熟是政治上成熟的基础 ,这是对我们党建党 80年历史经验的一个科学总结。本文对无产阶级政党理论上成熟的标志、政治上成熟与理论上成熟的关系以及如何做到理论上的成熟进行了深入的阐述     

增强全民法律意识的基本途径

全民法律意识亟待增强。加强立法和提高立法质量，切实执法，开展“普法”教育活动，进行经常性的法制宣传，强化执法监督，提倡讲案学法，加强法律教育和法学研究，等等，都能有效增强全民法律意识。     

人民主权论与中国的违宪审查制度

本文从人民主权论出发 ,以违宪审查制度为焦点 ,揭示了在我国宪法基本原则下民主集中制与违宪审查制度的内在矛盾 ,并以此为基础 ,对我国违宪审查模式的选择和宪法监督机制的完善作了有益的探索。