Deserving Shelter: Conditional Access to Accommodation for Rejected Asylum Seekers in Austria,the Netherlands,and Sweden

Abstract

Limitations in access to welfare services for noncitizens of a host country are structured through conditional entitlements, which require benefit claimants to meet certain conditions to access welfare services. This article explores the conditions and regulations determining access to state-organized accommodation facilities for non-removed rejected asylum seekers in Austria, the Netherlands, and Sweden and the way in which these conditions are implemented. Based on qualitative interviews with stakeholders and analysis of policy documents, I argue that qualities of deservingness, such as vulnerability and performance, determine noncitizens’ access to state-provided accommodation, which strengthens the logic of migration control.     

Burial Patterns during Times of Armed Conflict in Cyprus in the 1960s and 1970s

The island of Cyprus experienced two periods of intercommunal conflict during which c. 2000 individuals went missing. The Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus began a program of exhumations in 2005, through which more than 185 burial sites pertaining to the two periods of conflict have been identified and excavated. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to present a classification of the main types of clandestine burial and (ii) to test the hypothesis that the nature of conflict influences the mode of interment. Burials can be divided into “public burials” and “concealed burials,” based on the possible motives of those involved in the interment and then subdivided into smaller categories based on similarities in archeological context. A comparison of results from the two periods of conflict reveals that there are statistical differences (p < 0.005), which indicate that the mode of interment may reflect the nature, character, and atmosphere of conflict.     

我国人力资源开发中存在的问题及对策

人才是当今世界竞争的主要内容。要实现党的十六大提出的全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标,就必须坚定不移地实施“科教兴国”和人才战略,为全面建设小康社会奠定坚实的基础。     

论单位犯罪的直接责任人员

单位犯罪直接负责的主管人员,应当同时符合直接责任条件和主管人员身份条件。单位犯罪其他直接责任人员,是指积极地直接实施单位犯罪行为并对单位犯罪起主要作用的单位成员。《刑法》第31条实际上是否定所有单位犯罪部分行为人承担刑事责任的排除规则。     

论民法上的注意义务

无论在英美法系还是在大陆法系,注意义务都是过失判定的基准。民法上的注意义务是义务主体谨慎地为自己一切行为(包括作为和不作为)的法律义务,其核心内容包括行为致害后果预见义务和行为致害后果避免义务。注意义务的产生依据包括制定法、技术规范、习惯和常理、合同或委托、在先行为。在注意义务的体系中,特别要重视以内容为标准的体系构成,还要理清作为注意义务与不作为注意义务,更要突出高度注意义务的地位。在注意义务存在冲突的情况下,其解决规则为依据注意义务的优先性。注意义务有着程度的差异,应当构建“注意程度标准人”以替代“合理人”。我国侵权行为立法应当明确规定注意义务。     

外国法人在境外贿赂犯罪的管辖权问题研究——以徐放鸣受贿案为引线

随着法人在一个以上国家犯罪情况的日益增多,犯罪地国如何按照属地原则实现对犯罪的外国法人进行管辖成为一个现实问题.本文通过对我国原财政部官员徐放鸣受贿案所涉及对外国法人管辖问题的分析,认为犯罪地国和外国法人国籍国都有权进行管辖,但犯罪地国应利用属地管辖优先的原则,制订或修改相关的管辖规则,积极行使属地管辖,维护本国的经济法律秩序和国家利益.     

'The Suffering is Too Great': Urban Internally Displaced Persons in the Casamance Conflict, Senegal

The paper addresses the dearth of studies of displaced peopleliving in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa through a surveyof a particular group of internally displaced persons (IDPs)created by Senegal's Casamance conflict. They originate in arural area along the Guinea-Bissau border and were displacedinto Ziguinchor, the regional capital, mostly in the first halfof the 1990s. Analysis of survey data reveals the dynamics ofdisplacement and reception, showing how IDPs used pre-existingrural–urban migration chains and social integration processes.The livelihood activities of IDPs are compared with those oftwo other groups who have largely remained in situ: people normallyresident in the periphery of the urban reception area; and peopleremaining in the rural home area. Relative to both groups, IDPlivelihoods are restricted by reduced access to primary productionsites, and IDP livelihood activities are thus more urban-basedeven than those of ordinary townsfolk.     

看守所被羁押人员的心理管理

被羁押人员心理是指被羁押人员的个性心理与他们在处于被监禁这样特殊条件下产生的心理状态的总和。被羁押人员个性心理和心理状态共同决定着其在羁押过程中的行为表现,因此讨论其不良心理活动对于预防和矫治其违法犯罪行为有着重要的现实意义。     

欧共体流动人员社会保障立法的特点及启示

解决流动人员的社会保障问题是欧共体真正实现人员自由流动的关键一环。欧共体成员国经济社会发展不平衡,社会保障制度差异很大。欧共体在尊重成员国现有社会保障制度的前提下,通过原则性规定、制定冲突规范和采取开放式协调等立法方式,使各成员国的相关立法趋于一致,有效地解决了流动工人的社会保障问题,促进了欧洲经济一体化。这方面的经验值得我们借鉴。     

Culturally and Linguistically Competent Public Services in an Era of English-Only Laws

The concern this study addressed centered around the challenges of delivering culturally and linguistically competent public services to limited English proficiency (LEP) persons in an era marked by growth of English-only measures in the U.S. The article argued that restrictions on public service delivery to LEP communities are laden with negative effects that include impairment of the nation's obligations in international law. It applauded the attempt, evident by Executive Order No. 13166, to address the restrictions, but assessed that order as inadequate. Suggestions for improved access to public service delivery for LEP populations contained in this article include (1) enlarging the scope of Executive Order 13166 beyond access to language services, and (2) upgrading it into an act of Congress.