Testing Application of Geographical Information Systems,Forensic Geomorphology and Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Investigate Clandestine Grave Sites in Colombia,South America

Colombian forensic investigators required assistance locating clandestine burials of missing persons related to human right atrocities from 14 years ago. Geoscientific search methods were trialled, including a predictive spatial statistical model, using various input and database information, to select the most likely grave locations in difficult mountainous terrain. Groundwork using forensic geomorphology, near-surface geophysics (ERT) and subsequent probing identified suspect burial positions. One site was in mountainous terrain and the other in former school grounds, both difficult to access and in poor weather conditions. In the mountainous area, a negative resistivity anomaly area was identified and intrusively investigated, found to be a buried rock. In school grounds, after MESP and intelligence were used to identify a burial site, surface depressions were identified, and ERT datasets collected over the highest priority depression; intrusive investigations discovered a hand-dug pit containing animal bones. This approach is suggested for Latin American searches.     

The Complexity of Destruction in Darfur: Historical Processes and Regional Dynamics

This paper analyzes the complex historical and regional factors that contribute to the escalation of destruction from 2003 on in Darfur. Darfur is not an isolated case that suddenly erupted in violence. It is the most recent case in a long history of repeated violations by the Sudanese state against its citizens. From the use of proxy militias (the Janjaweed) to signing peace agreements that fragment and weaken the opposition, destruction in Darfur continues government strategies of divide and rule. At the same time, complex regional dynamics especially between Sudan, Chad and the Central African Republic add to violence and instability within states and across borders. The paper emphasizes the speed with which during 2003–2005 over 2.4 million were uprooted from their homes and the ongoing vulnerability of internally displaced persons to attacks, disease and malnutrition. This restructuring of the population in Darfur is part of a strategy to control the populace and redistribute land and other resources. The multicausal origin of the conflict and its increasing complexity points to the difficulty of providing security for the people in Darfur and resolving the conflict.

论交通肇事罪的主体

在犯罪主体方面,交通肇事罪的主体是一般主体。从刑法对交通肇事的罪状规定、交通运输管理法规的规定及实际情况看．无论是机动交通工具运输人员还是非机动交通工具运输人员、行人,都可以因自已的违反交通运输管理法规行为而造成重大事故,因而非机动车辆的驾驶人员及行人应当包括在交通肇事罪酊主体范围之内。     

谈新形势下服刑人员回归社会保护

做好服刑人员回归社会保护工作，是一项十分重要的基础性工作，是巩固改造成果、预防和减少重新犯罪、维护社会稳定的首要环节，同时也是社会治安综合治理的一项重要内容。但是．在深化企业改革、调整经济结构的过程中，服刑人员回归社会保护工作面临的社会经济环境、社会治安环境及安置帮教工作状况均发生了很大变化。研究和探讨新形势下服刑人员回归社会保护，对构建社会主义和谐社会有着深远的意义。     

情报资料人员职业生涯的开发与管理

情报资料人员的职业生涯可以分为三个阶段,在不同阶段,其需求、态度、工作行为会有较大差异,组织应采取不同的开发与管理策略,帮助和促进情报资料人员顺利穿越职业通道,使其个人提高与组织的目标和发展计划相结合。把工作人员的潜能变成显能,然后转化为效能,实现价值增值,最终达到情报资料人员个人发展、自我实现与组织发展的双赢。     

关于完善农村集体土地所有权主体制度的思考

现行立法关于农村集体土地所有权主体制度的规定基本上是科学的,关于该项制度的一些争论是不妥当的。应当以法人制度完善农村集体土地所有权主体制度。     

The Potential of Cosmetic Applicators as a Source of DNA for Forensic Analysis

Personal products, such as toothbrushes, have been used as both known reference and evidentiary samples for forensic DNA analysis. This study examined the viability of a broad selection of cosmetic applicators for use as targets for human DNA extraction and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. Applicator types included eyeliner smudgers, pencils and crayons, eye shadow sponges, mascara wands, concealer wands, face makeup sponges, pads and brushes, lipsticks and balms, and lip gloss wands. The quantity and quality of DNA extracted from each type of applicator were examined by assessing the number of loci successfully amplified and the peak balance of the heterozygous alleles in each full STR profile. While degraded DNA, stochastic amplification, and PCR inhibition were observed for some items, full STR profiles were developed for 14 of 76 applicators. The face makeup sponge applicators yielded the highest proportional number of full STR profiles (4/7).     

强迫职工劳动罪初探

根据无刑罚即无犯罪原则,应认为强迫职工劳动罪的犯罪主体是直接责任人员,所谓单罚制在刑法分则中并无体现。暴力、胁迫、殴打、非法拘禁等均是限制人身自由的手段。从立法完善的角度考虑,应规定本罪的主体包括自然人和单位,将罪状修改为“以限制人身自由的方法强迫他人劳动,情节严重的……,”并增设转化犯的规定。     

DNA databases as a tool to improve the search for missing persons in Brazil

In 2019, based on the publication of Law No. 13,812/2019, the National Policy on the Search for Missing Persons was created in Brazil. In this context, on March 2, 2020 the Steering Committee of the Integrated Network of DNA Databases (RIBPG) created the Working Group on Genetic Identification of Missing Persons. In 2021, the first National Campaign for the Collection of DNA from Relatives of Missing Persons was launched. This action provided the collection of relatives of more than 1700 missing people throughout Brazil. Since the beginning of the work, the number of genetic profiles related to the search for missing persons has increased by 216 % in the National DNA Database. So far, RIBPG has already managed to solve 223 disappearances throughout Brazil.     

基层群众性自治组织法人制度三论

基层群众性自治组织法人虽在《民法典》中被定位为特别法人,但性质上应属公法人,一是其成立的主要依据是《宪法》《村民委员会组织法》《城市居民委员会组织法》;二是通过履行一系列管理职能以实现“服务于公益”这一职能目的;三是财产来源的公共性。其章程不同于营利法人和非营利法人,而实际法律化为《村民委员会组织法》《城市居民委员会组织法》,即为法律性章程,主要原因在于《村民委员会组织法》《城市居民委员会组织法》的规定已经涵盖了村(居)民委员会法人章程所需内容,实质上成了村(居)民委员会法人的章程;同时,法律性章程比一般私法人章程多了“强制力”这一执行力保障,能确保基层群众性自治组织功能的实现;而且,只有法律性章程才能解决基层群众性自治组织法人在自治过程中遇到的诸多问题,克服自治性章程的固有弊端。基层群众性自治组织法人的民事能力受其“职能”的限制,主要体现为财产支配和交换能力、侵权责任能力、劳动合同能力与监护人能力;不能以自己的名义为交易行为,也不宜被赋予破产能力,除依法代行村集体经济组织职能的村民委员会外,不能为他人提供担保。