论我国建立自然人破产制度的必要性与可行性

扩大我国破产法的主体范围是当前破产法理论和破产立法亟待解决的重大问题。文章在分析建立自然人破产制度的必要性和可能性后指出,确立自然人破产制度不仅是经济发展的现实需要,同时也是改革开放,完善我国破产制度的必然选择。     

The Transformation of Labor Party Immigration Policy, 1901–1945

ABSTRACT

The Commonwealth Labor government’s introduction of a program of mass immigration after the Second World War was a pivotal moment in the nation’s history. The program itself and the experiences of those who settled in Australia have been studied closely by historians and social scientists. Less attention has been given to the fact that the postwar policy represented a transformation of Labor’s traditional attitude to immigration. Since its foundation in the 1890s, the Australian Labor Party had been suspicious of immigration and opposed to programs of assisted immigration on the basis that migrant labour threatened the wages and conditions of Australian workers. This article traces Labor’s attitudes to migration before the Second World War and shows how economic and security exigencies compelled the party to repudiate its decades-long opposition to assisted immigration. The article suggests that the reason that the postwar immigration program does not receive greater prominence in histories of the Labor Party is because the policy and its chief architect, Arthur Calwell, are diminished by their association with the White Australia policy.     

论政府机关思想政治工作的基准点

对政府官员的思想政治工作搞了几十年何以成效甚微,一个重要的原因是对政府官员本质身份的定位不准确所致.政府官员同其他千千万万不同职业和自然人一样,也属于追逐自身利益的经济人的范畴,只有把握这一基准点,才能在制度建设、道德规范和思想教育等方面取得预期成效.     

非物质文化遗产传承权制度初探

我国在非物质文化遗产保护方面做了很多卓有成效的工作,但是非物质文化遗产保护的现状仍然是不容乐观的,当前面临的瓶颈问题就是传承权的缺失。非物质文化遗产传承人拥有的传承权,是指传承人有权利将自己所掌握的知识和技能传承给自己选择的传承人,它是一种新型的私权,同时也是传承人的义务。传承权的基本要素包括:传承权的主体是传承人;传承权的客体是民俗类非物质文化遗产以外的全部非物质文化遗产;传承权的内容包括下一代传承人选择权、传承方式选择权和惩戒权。传承权的实施主要强调国家保障传承权实施的义务,以及传承权与相关权利的协调运行。     

Parental reference photos do not always improve the accuracy of forensic age progressions

During long-term missing children cases, forensic artists construct age-progressions to estimate the child’s current appearance. It is commonly believed that incorporating information about the child’s biological relatives is critical in accurately estimating the child’s current appearance. However, some evidence suggests that predicting appearance based on inheritance of features may be error prone. The present studies examine whether age-progressions constructed with the aid of a biological reference photos led to better recognition than those constructed without a biological reference. We also investigated whether there would be any variation depending on the age-range of the age-progressions. Eight professional forensic artists created age-progressions based upon photographs provided by each of our eight targets. Half of their age progressions with the aid of parental reference photos and half without parental reference photos. Furthermore, half were age-progressed across a longer age-range (5–20 years) and half covered a shorter age-range (12–20 years). In Experiment 1 similarity scores were higher over shorter age-ranges. Further, across longer age-ranges age-progressions created with the aid of a parental reference were lower than those without a reference. In Experiment 2 recognition performance was higher across shorter age-ranges. Additionally, across longer age-ranges age-progressions created with the aid of a parental reference were recognized worse than those without a reference. These results suggest that in long-term missing person cases, forensic artists may benefit from not relying on biological references. Finally, consistent with previous research (e.g. Lampinen et al., 2012) age-progressions provided no benefit over using outdated photographs.     

105例精神病人尸体检验的法医学分析

目的 回顾分析精神病人尸体检验案例的死亡原因及死亡方式,为医疗卫生服务和司法鉴定提供参考.方法 收集中国刑事警察学院物证鉴定中心2004—2019年受理并结案的精神病人尸体检验案例105例,分为疾病死亡、自杀死亡、意外死亡及他杀死亡4组,统计各组的常见死亡原因,分析各组之间年龄、病程、体重指数(body mass in...     

A multifaceted,multijurisdictional, multiagency,and multidisciplinary approach to investigating unidentified and missing persons cases in Australia

Currently, there are approximately 750 unidentified human remains and 2500 long-term missing persons in Australia. The Australian Federal Police National DNA Program for Unidentified and Missing Persons (Program) is using a multifaceted, multijurisdictional, multiagency, and multidisciplinary approach in a dedicated effort to identify these unknown deceased persons, scientifically link them to known missing persons, and provide answers to their families. The nationally coordinated Program provides its police, forensic, and coronial stakeholders with a suite of contemporary forensic technologies, databases, and experts to forensically examine the skeletonised remains and recover post-mortem data for comparison to the available ante-mortem data for each missing person. Through a number of physical and virtual public outreach activities, families with missing relatives have been encouraged to provide vital ante-mortem forensic information, records, and samples to aid the identification process. To date, this unique Program has assisted to resolve a number of unidentified and missing persons cases from both historical and contemporary contexts, using a combination of genetic and non-genetic techniques, and local and national databases. The centralisation of Program capabilities, expertise, and resources to conduct this type of unique and challenging casework is proving to be the most effective and efficient way to generate investigative leads, identify human remains, and resolve long-term missing persons cases in Australia.     

心智障碍者监护理论争议与发展方向——以《残疾人权利公约》第12条为视角

心智障碍者即是成年人监护制度的主要适用对像,也是《联合国残疾人权利公约》第12条的调整对象。《公约》第12条倡导的尊重心智障碍者人权和自由的观点受到国际社会的普遍认可与尊重,但《公约》第1号《一般性意见》对《公约》第12条的解释确属脱离实际,导致我国国内对成年人监护的争论此起彼伏,无行为能力制度是否有存在的必要、监护是否应与行为能力相脱离、是否应以支持决策全面取代监护是各方争议的核心问题。在厘清争议的前提下,未来应通过司法解释对《民法总则》的相关内容做出细化规定。     

组织出卖人体器官犯罪的认定与侦查

买卖人体器官是近年来人民群众反响强烈的严重刑事犯罪行为。为加大刑事打击力度，我国《刑法修正案（八）》新增了组织出卖人体器官罪。与其他组织型团伙犯罪不同，此类犯罪有其独有特点，给公安机关认定和侦查带来一定难度，必须选好切入点和突破口，并将侦查和取证结合起来，提高快侦快破和严打效率，切实维护人民群众生命健康安全。     

论“有专门知识的人”制度的完善——关于新《刑事诉讼法》第192条的思考

＂有专门知识的人＂有别于鉴定人,其诉讼职责是就鉴定人作出的鉴定意见提出意见。法律对＂有专门知识的人＂制度规定得过于原则和粗疏,缺乏具体程序,必然会给实施带来诸多困难。应当明确＂有专门知识的人＂的诉讼地位,建立健全＂有专门知识的人＂的选任、出庭质证等具体程序和制度。