证据法定与法定证据——兼对我国《民诉法》第63条之检讨

在大陆法系民事诉讼中,为确保事实认定过程的客观及公正,法院进行证据调查应以法定的证据方法为对象,严格遵循直接原则并保障当事人的在场权,此即证据法定的要求或意义所在。与此相应,其民诉立法乃依证据调查方式之不同,确立了不同的证据类型。我国现行民诉法尽管在制度设计上贯彻了证据法定的要求,但关于法定证据类型的确立并不科学,突出表现为误将勘验笔录与视听资料作为独立的证据类型予以规范,亟待修正。     

Legislating Dangerously: Bad Samaritans,Good Society,and the Heroism Act 2015

The Social Action, Responsibility and Heroism Act 2015 is a troublesome statute. The Act requires that, when considering a claim brought against a defendant in negligence or for breach of statutory duty, the court must assess whether that party was ‘acting for the benefit of society or any of its members’ (section 2), or ‘demonstrated a predominantly responsible approach towards protecting the safety or interests of others’ (section 3), or was ‘acting heroically’ (section 4). However laudable the Coalition Government's attempts to foster a ‘Big Society’ might have been, this enactment was not the proper vehicle to achieve it. Some provisions merely repeat longstanding common law principles. Others may have been intended to amend the common law to encourage ‘good citizenship’, but fall well short of that aim. And some aspects of the Act's drafting have the (perhaps unintended) potential to sit uncomfortably with established common law negligence principles.     

治安软法的实践效应及完善

治安软法是指原则上没有法律约束力,但有实际效力的警察规范性文件。公安机关适用的软法包括解释性、指令性、宣言性等文件,其根本目的是为了解决安全事件治理中的疑难。治安软法具有积极性和消极性两重实践效应,积极性效应在于,软法进一步完善公安法制,缓解硬法带来的刚性冲突;消极性效应在于,软法引起基层派出所守法的不确定性,甚至是执法的随意性。有效解决的方法是承认治安软法的实际效力,同时对治安软法制定的程序、警察执法权力的规范、责任的认定以及执法的监督等做出详尽规定,才能使治安软法扬长避短地发挥其维护公民安全、公共安全的功能。     

论物权法中共有关系的法定与约定规则

共有关系是按份共有人与共同共有人在共有财产的利用、管理关系中所形成的各种法律关系。物权立法应该为共有关系自治性管理留下空间。     

‘Demonstrative Evidence’: A Genealogy of the Racial Iconography of Forensic Art and Illustration

This essay stages a critique of the unacknowledged racialising visual regimes that inform forensic pathologys typical body charts. In order to disclose these unacknowledged regimes, I stage a genealogy of the racialising iconography that continues to shape forensic pathologys visual texts. In drawing attention to the racialising visual conventions that constitute the contemporary production of caucacentric forensic body charts, I attempt to disrupt the scientifico-objective status of these visual artefacts in order to underscore their ideological effects. By focusing on the ontological/epistemological split between the corporeality of native informants and white knowledge workers, I underscore the white medico-legal professions historical transmuting of other bodies into objects of knowledge. I conclude by outlining the discursive effects of presenting forensic pathologys caucacentric body charts as demonstrative evidence within the court of law.This is an extended version of an essay first presented at the Association for the Study of Law, Culture, and the Humanities Conference, Cardozo Law School, New York University, New York, USA, March 2003. My thanks to Peter Goodrich and Penelope Pether for their generous enthusiasm and support.     

"严打"的法理学探析

"严打"这一阶段性的刑事政策,相对于法律而言,与依法治国及罪刑法定原则尚存在一些冲突之处.本文试从上述两个方面予以分析,并提出完善我国刑事法制的构想.     

我国刑法中的责任事故犯罪立法之检视

在我国刑法中 ,作为一个罪刑系列 ,责任事故犯罪立法在罪名体系、构成要件的设计以及法定刑的配置等方面存在着许多问题。完善我国责任事故犯罪 ,应修改一些具体犯罪的构成要件 ,增设罚金刑和资格刑。     

论奸淫幼女中的“明知”——评法释[2003]4号司法解释

2003年1月17日最高人民法院之批复使得刑法学界对于奸淫幼女(罪)的种种争议告以终结。从奸淫幼女的历史出发、考察中外法域关于奸淫幼女的规定,可以看出,奸淫幼女中要求对幼女的年龄明知。这种明知涵盖故意和过于自信的过失。理论中正确界定"知道或应当知道",实践中贯彻主客观相统一原则,对于奸淫幼女的认定会产生良好的社会效应。     

物权法定主义价值演进与合理性分析--我国物权法的制定是否应当坚持物权法定原则

物权法定主义被视为物权法的首要原则,是物权法强行性的重要表现,在确认物之归属、调整物之利用等方面发挥了其他原则无法替代的作用,在整个物权法结构体系中处于枢纽地位。可以说,没有大陆法系的物权概念,就没有物权法定主义,没有物权法定主义,就无法建构物权法体系。但物权法定本身有一个度的如何把握问题,法定哪些权利、法定到何种程度,涉及物权法定的宽严限度。即应在不动产的所有者利益、利用者利益和资本金融利益以及生存利益等诸种利益间的矛盾与冲突之中,谋求效益与公平价值的平衡。     

欧盟统一的法定审计制度:挑战与改革

欧盟公司法的统一是不断向前推进的,有关法定审计的第8号公司法指令是欧盟公司法的组成部分.本世纪初在美国及欧盟发生的财务丑闻加快了欧盟强化法定审计独立性及法定审计责任的改革.以公司治理为背景,主要分析了欧盟修订法定审计指令的考量因素、对法定审计独立性的强化措施、有关法定审计的形式选择以及尚未解决的问题,指出欧盟法定审计的改革受到美国《萨班斯法案》以及欧盟成员国内法的影响,而且,这一改革还将持续进行,并且也影响着包括中国在内的其他国家的相关立法.