Autonomy and Control in Australian Agencies: Data and Preliminary Findings from a Cross‐National Empirical Study

This article is developed from data gathered through the analysis of a survey of ‘agencies’ at Commonwealth and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) levels of government, undertaken as the Australian component of a cross‐national empirical study of autonomy and control in non‐departmental public sector organisations. It presents preliminary findings from one part of what is potentially a very important enterprise in comparative research, along with discussion of methodological issues which need to be confronted in many such comparative exercises. The data reveal that Australia agencies have been granted more autonomy than agencies in other countries contributing to this survey, though that autonomy varies markedly across functions such as personnel management and financial management. While the article represents just a snapshot in time in agency autonomy, we believe it provides a robust baseline for future changes in the way agencies are managed in the Australian public sector.     

为什么说“只管不收”是工商行政管理的改革目标

工商行政管理的“收管混台”使“重收轻管”一直未得到解决 ,在其“垂直改制”后仍面对收“两费”的现实。由于“收”与“管”是两种不同的运行主体 ,再结合工商行政管理的管理活动属性及目前的财政体制改革来看 ,工商行政管理应是“只管不收”。     

Encouraging Writing on the White Walls: Co‐production in Museums and the Influence of Professional Bodies

Museums, along with other public sector organisations, have been urged to co‐produce. Co‐production may offer increased resourcing and greater effectiveness, and enhances public value through stronger relationships between government and citizens. However, co‐production, particularly that which involves collaboration with communities, is largely resisted by public sector organisations such as museums. This research examines the extent to which museums co‐produce and the role played by professional bodies in driving or inhibiting co‐production. It finds that the study of co‐production in museums reveals the influence of ‘institutional inertia’ and the limits to which professional bodies are able to ‘diffuse’ co‐production and change established professional practice.     

裁量不起诉的法定效力

检察官提起公诉必须从两个方面进行衡量:考虑公诉证据是否充分;根据现行法律规定和公共利益的要求,考虑是否有必要提起公诉.基于这两个方面的考虑,检察官可能会对某些案件作出不起诉的决定.这种基于公诉裁量权而作出的不起诉决定具有不同的法定效力.     

被害人承诺相关问题探究

欺骗他人相约自杀的,不构成犯罪.在承诺表示方式上,意思方向说较为合理,不应将行为人认识到承诺的存在作为主观的正当化因素.承诺动机的好坏,不应成为考虑承诺有效与否的因素.嫖宿幼女罪的法定刑配置基本上是合理的.一方同意对方重婚的,仍构成重婚罪.组织卖淫罪因有被害人的承诺,不应与没有被害人承诺的强迫卖淫罪配置同样的法定刑,引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪,因为存在被害人承诺的因素,现行法定刑配置过重.由于拐卖妇女罪保护的法益只是妇女的人身自由,故妇女同意自己被拐卖的,不构成犯罪.     

Reflections on variability in the blood–breath ratio of ethanol and its importance when evidential breath-alcohol instruments are used in law enforcement

Variability in the blood–breath ratio (BBR) of alcohol is important, because it relates a measurement of the blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) with the co-existing breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC). The BBR is also used to establish the statutory BrAC limit for driving from the existing statutory BAC limits in different countries. The in-vivo BBR depends on a host of analytical, sampling and physiological factors, including subject demographics, time after end of drinking (rising or falling BAC), the nature of the blood draw (whether venous or arterial) and the subject’s breathing pattern prior to exhalation into the breath analyzer. The results from a controlled drinking study involving healthy volunteers (85 men and 15 women) from three ethnic groups (Caucasians, Hispanics and African Americans) were used to evaluate various factors influencing the BBR. Ethanol in breath was determined with a quantitative infrared analyzer (Intoxilyzer 8000) and BAC was determined by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). The BAC and BrAC were highly correlated (r = 0.948) and the BBR in the post-absorptive state was 2 382 ± 119 (mean ± SD). The BBR did not depend on gender (female: 2 396 ± 101 and male: 2 380 ± 123, P > 0.05) nor on racial group (Caucasians 2 398 ± 124, African Americans 2 344 ± 119 and Hispanics 2 364 ± 104, P > 0.05). The BBR was lower in subjects with higher breath- and body-temperatures (P < 0.05) and it also decreased with longer exhalation times into the breath-analyzer (P < 0.001). In the post-absorptive state, none of the 100 subjects had a BBR of less than 2 100:1.     

‘C’mon,No One Wants a Dick Pic’: exploring the cultural framings of the ‘Dick Pic’ in contemporary online publics

The ‘dick pic’ (DP) has become a growing cultural phenomenon in the digital realm, attracting increasing commentary regarding why men send them, with women’s responses constituting online social movements. Emerging research concerning the practice of DPs has been incredibly limited, with discussion focused on youth sexting practices and online harassment more broadly. However, research focusing specifically on the gendered dynamics of heterosexual boys’ and men’s engagement with DPs is significantly absent, and there has been no attempt to explore how the DP is framed in public commentary. We draw from a qualitative content analysis of social media and digital news articles, comics and blogs discussing the ‘dick pic’, highlighting four major ways in which the ‘dick pic’ is framed. These include: assumptions regarding men’s motivations, women’s production of ‘counterpublics’ and feminist resistance to the DP, satirical and humourous responses to DPs, and positive and transformative responses involving the active solicitation of men’s DPs. We argue that such responses work to interpret and address men’s behaviours, but lack critical consideration regarding their underlying motives and the roles DPs might have in relation to their sexual subjectivities. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of such responses and calls for future research.     

生命权、身体权、健康权的法定救助义务

生命权、身体权和健康权是自然人享有的最基本的人格权,应受到最大限度的保护。当自然人处于紧急危难状态时,负有法定紧急救助义务的组织或个人应履行紧急救助义务,否则需承担相应的法律责任。鼓励其他负有一般救助义务的主体进行紧急救助,妥善发挥好人条款的积极引导作用,对改善见死不救的不良社会风气,弘扬社会主义核心价值观必将产生积极的影响。     

依法律行政原理的移植与嬗变

依法律行政,旨在藉由法律的合理性控制行政的恣意,并获得法的安定性和民主性,它是近代形式法治国家的产物,是自由主义与民主主义的结合。德国依法律行政原理经由奥托·迈耶的提炼基本定型,经由美浓部达吉等人传至日本,并影响了我国早期的行政法学。在新中国,依法行政逐渐得到强调。这种转变既有行政立法高涨的现实影响,也有方法论上的原因,但更多缘于全国人大—行政机关—司法机关的权力格局。从全国人大与国务院的宪法关系来看,应当重新确立依法律行政原理,并从行政诉讼上为依法律行政提供保障机制,同时摒弃依法行政中的某些错误观念,以确保法治国家的真正实现。     

美国农业合作社的形态法定化及其启示

在美国,农业合作社是农场主为了满足自身生存发展的需要,在借鉴欧洲合作社尤其是罗虚代尔公平先锋社先进经验的基础上,探索和创造出来的一种组织形态;这种组织形态最初并未体现于法律中。及至20世纪初期以后,在寻求农业合作社反垄断豁免及税收优惠的过程中,经由制定法和判例法的合力,农业合作社逐步实现了形态法定化,并在法律的助推下得以进一步勃兴。美国农业合作社形态法定化的实践给我们提供了如下启示:应重视并充分运用法律手段来提升农民合作经济组织的绩效;农民合作经济组织法律制度的确立应积极回应实践中的制度创新;我国农业反垄断豁免的主体界定可借鉴美国的成功经验。