网络时代物权原则的确立

互联网络基于其自身的特殊性,已经对物权法制产生了许多重要影响,其中,尤为突出的是它动摇了物权法定原则存在的合理性基础,使意思自治能够全面在物权法领域得以贯彻.然而关于网络对物权法乃至民法的影响,基本上没有引起学者的注意.因此,在我国目前正在准备起草制定物权法和民法典时,深入研究互联网络对物权法和民法的影响,不仅对丰富和发展物权法和民法理论具有重要意义,而且也对物权法和民法典的制定具有重要的现实意义.     

当前我国有限责任公司发展对法定资本制的依赖

我国目前正处于转型期,社会信用短缺。在此情境下,若法定资本制缺位,则由于其具有使投资者以有限责任公司为交易欺诈工具的诱因,故极可能导致有限公司整体信用趋劣。倘如此,则其潜在交易者的交易热情会因其对前者所产生的预期利益减少而下挫,这无疑将制约前者的发展;而若法定资本制严格施行,则能使上述情形得到相当改观。这凸显出当前我国有限公司的发展对法定资本制的依赖。因此,宜对其加以完善而不是以授权资本制或折衷资本制取而代之。     

环境行政公益诉讼判决形式的疏失及其完善——从试点期间典型案例切入

梳理与剖析两年试点期间检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼的典型案件可知,虽然2014年修改的《行政诉讼法》规定了驳回诉讼请求、撤销、履行职责、履行给付义务、确认违法或者无效、变更等六种判决形式,但试点期间环境行政公益诉讼的判决形式整体上呈现类型狭窄的特征,最经常适用的两种判决形式中,确认违法判决过于形式主义,履行职责判决过于笼统。完善环境行政公益诉讼判决形式,需要矫正环境行政公益诉讼中检察机关定位的偏向以及行政诉讼构造上的扭曲与错裂,具体路径包括：系统规定与适用驳回原告诉讼请求判决形式、尊重诉前程序的独立价值而慎用确认违法判决形式、具体化履行职责判决形式、重视具体适用撤销判决与变更判决形式。     

试述刑法的自主性

刑法作为人类社会最基本也是最古老的法律,一旦被纳入法治的范畴之中,孕育出法治刑法这一概念,就应当体现出自主性,必须而且能够摆脱传统观念中的工具地位,赢得其独立的话语权,相应地,作为具有时代精神的科学的刑法学应当以理论的自足性体现和捍卫刑法的自主性.     

Policy Coherence, Global Environmental Governance, and Poverty Reduction

This paper explores linkages between policy coherence, global environmental governance, and poverty reduction. It begins with a few thoughts on what these terms mean, and how they are linked. It then provides some perspectives on how the linkages might be improved over time. The paper takes the view that the most coherent institutional framework for both poverty reduction and environmental protection is likely to be one that is relatively decentralised, and based on a modular (networking) structure. The implication is that this framework should rely mainly on domestic and regional governance institutions, rather than on global ones. Effective management of environmental problems (both national and international) also implies a judicious mix of strong government institutions, smooth-functioning markets, and well-targeted infrastructure investments. The business and labour communities are therefore crucial. Other elements of civil society, notably the NGOs, also have important roles to play. Global environmental governance will have to overcome significant resistance insofar as the interests of the developing countries are concerned. Developing countries will need to be convinced that it is in their best interest to participate in global environmental institutions. The best way of making this case is to link (local) poverty reduction objectives explicitly to (both local and global) environmental protection goals. Bringing greater coherence to international trade, investment, and development co-operation policies could make an important contribution to strengthening these linkages. Investment is particularly important here – in the future, investment governance will likely prove to be more important for poverty reduction than environmental governance. Focusing on global environmental governance will not be enough.     

非法行医罪的刑事政策分析

非法行医罪属于典型的法定犯罪,应在罪刑法定的前提下,合理划分刑法和行政法不同的规制范围,并坚持处罚上的轻刑化原则;在对非法行医犯罪化的过程中,应以法益侵害为基准,从非法行医行为是否严重侵害了国家医疗卫生管理秩序和公众生命健康权益这一实质标准去把握;对非法行医行为的刑法规制应坚持谦抑原则,尽管目前本罪非犯罪化的条件尚不具备,但非刑罚化措施应广泛适用.     

The Politics of Policy Design and Implementation: A Comparative Study of Two Belgian Service Voucher Programs

Abstract

When two policy programs, identical in many important respects, are implemented in the same national context, similar program results would be expected. If this is not the case, an explanation is needed. In this article two Belgian voucher programs are compared: one for household services and one for childcare services. The first program was termed a success while the latter was abandoned after disappointing results. Ideological differences between policy makers at cabinet level are identified as the most crucial factor explaining the contrasting results of the two programs. The failure of the childcare voucher scheme was due to its deeply flawed policy program design, particularly with respect to the implementing structure as well as the needs and demands of the designated target group. This comparative study confirms the usefulness and validity of two well-known theoretical constructs: an integrated implementation model and related statutory coherence thesis. The necessity of more attention to the potential influence of higher-level political-institutional factors and the dynamic interaction between policy formulation/design and policy implementation is one important lesson for contemporary implementation research. Another is that policy instruments per se do not determine policy results. Their role can only be fruitfully analyzed and explained in the context where they are selected and applied.     

Paying to Be Punished: A Statutory Analysis of Sex Offender Registration Fees

Over the last 20 years, sex offender policies, specifically in terms of community corrections, have increased in scope. One of the most controversial and pervasive sex offender policies is that of registration. In response to the consumption of already limited resources, jurisdictions have imposed increasingly higher community supervision fees onto the offenders, requiring them to pay for their own re-entry. However, to date no research study has examined the statutory language associated with registration fees collected post release from formal community sanctions. Using a statutory analysis within the United States, this research finds and quantifies the imposition of a registration fee on offenders who are legally compelled to pay these registration costs, regardless of whether they are still currently under community supervision. Results show that more than half of U.S. states (n?=?28) incorporate statutory language authorizing registration fees, ranging anywhere from $5 per registration to up to $250 per year. These findings, as well as suggestions for future research and policy recommendations, are discussed.     

刑法适用中扩张解释的方法及其界限——兼论扩张解释与类推适用之区分

刑法适用过程系具体化法律和抽象化案件事实的过程,法官应对存有疑义之条款进行解释。扩张解释系刑法解释之结果,在对刑法条款进行扩张解释过程中,应明确所运用的各种解释方法及其所遵循的步骤。德、日的典型判例及我国实践都存在正确和误用扩张解释现象,应正确运用刑法解释方法,明确扩张解释的界限,准确区分扩张解释与类推适用。法官在个案中无法运用扩张解释时,立法机关应当通过及时修订法律的方式填补法律漏洞。