An Empirical Research on the Impact of Credit Rationing on the R&D Investment——From a Perspective of Regional Differences

This paper uses a simplified theoretical model to analyze how the credit rationing affects the firms' R&D investment, and empirically tests the spatial heterogeneity in which the credit rationing affects R&D investment based on the large sample data of industrial firms in China. The empirical research shows that, the firms that suffer the more serious the degree of credit rationing, spend less R&D investment in terms of the overall situation. Other conditions remaining unchanged, the effect of credit rationing to R&D investment has obvious spatial heterogeneity in the area, and the inhibitory effect of credit rationing is not established in all regions, which depends on the regional financial development and the regional institutional quality. All kinds of robustness tests show that this hypothesis has better robustness.     

论民进党之危机

民进党甫一执政,即陷入困局。民进党之危机乃是全面性、结构性之危机。危机非仅表现在贪渎弊案丛生,尤其因意识形态挂帅导致执政无能,其结果,台湾发展实际的需要与民进党维持政权选举的需要,构成了民进党执政无法调和的矛盾。台湾社会蓝绿对抗的选民结构,国民党的软弱无能和外部美日的支持,维持了民进党的生存空间,但也制约着民进党难以反省,因而看不出民进党有能力解决危机。民进党倘走向更加激进的“台独”方向,路必将愈走愈窄。     

REPORT FROM THE WINGSPREAD CONFERENCE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND FAMILY COURTS

In February 2007 the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts brought together a working group of thirty‐seven experienced practitioners and researchers to identify and explore conceptual and practical tensions that have hampered effective work with families in which domestic violence has been identified or alleged. Five central sets of issues were raised at the conference and are discussed in this report. These include the following: differentiation among families experiencing domestic violence, screening and triage, participation by families in various processes and services, appropriate outcomes for children, and family court roles and resources. The report emphasizes the need for continued multidisciplinary collaboration in order to better serve families affected by domestic violence and it includes an appendix of consensus points as well as suggestions for formation of ongoing work groups.     

Direct and Indirect Effects of Case Complexity, Guilty Pleas, and Offender Characteristics on Sentencing for Offenders Convicted of a White-Collar Offense Prior to Sentencing Guidelines

Previous research on the punishment of offenders convicted of a white-collar offense estimated models that specify only direct effects of defendant characteristics, offense-related variables, and guilty pleas on sentence severity. Drawing from conflict or labeling theories, much of this research focused on the effects of offender's socioeconomic status on sentence outcomes. Findings from this research are inconsistent about the relationship between defendant characteristics and sentence severity. These studies overlook how differences in case complexity of white-collar offense and guilty pleas may intervene in the relationship between offender characteristics and sentence outcomes. This study seeks to contribute to an understanding of federal sentencing prior to the federal sentencing guidelines by testing a legal-bureaucratic theory of sentencing that hypothesizes an interplay between case complexity, guilty pleas and length of imprisonment. This interplay reflects the interface between the legal ramifications of pleading guilty, prosecutorial interests in efficiency and finality of case disposition in complex white-collar cases, and sentence severity. Using structural equation modeling, a four-equation model of sentencing that specifies case complexity and guilty pleas as intervening variables in the relationship between offender characteristics and length of imprisonment is estimated. Several findings are noteworthy. First, the hypothesized interplay between case complexity, guilty pleas, and sentence severity is supported. Second, the effect of offender's educational attainment on sentence severity is indirect via case complexity and guilty pleas. Third, offender's race and gender effect length of imprisonment both directly and indirectly through the intervening effect of case complexity and guilty pleas. These findings indicate the need to specify sentencing models that consider the direct and indirect effects of offender characteristics, offense characteristics, and guilty pleas on judicial discretion at sentencing.     

深化行政体制改革 落实依法治国基本方略

不依法行政,危害巨大。从"进一步完善行政执法体制,夯实执政基础;进一步转变执法理念,加强执法队伍监管;进一步完善行政执法程序,保护公民的正当权利;进一步创新执法方式,保证执法效果"等方面,自觉堵塞制度漏洞,深化体制改革,全面落实依法治国基本方略。     

Active citizenship through mobility? Students’ perceptions of identity,rights and participation in the EU

Globalisation has begun to transform the processes through which citizens are differentiated and non-citizens are excluded. This article provides an in-depth qualitative interrogation of these processes of differentiation and exclusion, and argues that the transformation in these processes compels us to reconsider the conceptual dichotomy of passive/active citizens along the stayers/mobiles distinction. This transformation is most apparent in Europe, with the introduction of European Union (EU) citizenship. The article builds on Bourdieu’s cultural capital in the cosmopolitan context, existing qualitative studies on citizens’ sense of EU identity and citizenship, and illustrative focus group evidence of visiting EU and home students’ perceptions of EU citizenship across three dimensions – identity, rights and participation. The evidence indicates that we can distinguish between four categories of citizens in the EU: passive EU citizens, including two groups of stayers; the potential EU (i) and member state-oriented (ii) citizens, and active EU citizens, including EU-15 (iii) and Central and Eastern European (iv) mobile citizens. These categories reveal that important distinctions are emerging between the perceptions and behaviour of stayers and mobiles as passive/active citizens.     

病证结合诊治原发性痛风36例

目的：对３６例原发性痛风的诊治思路、方法和经验作回顾性总结。方法：以病证并辨为前提,紧扣基本病机组拟基本方,并随证及突出表现灵活加味。结果：３６例经治疗１～５个疗程,治愈２２例（占６１．１１％）,好转１２例（占３３．３３％）,无效２例（占５．５６％）,总有效率为９４．４４％。结论：早期诊断和鉴别诊断,查明有无肾功能不全及其合并疾病,抓住湿、热、痰、瘀、虚五端组方并坚持治疗,避免各种诱发和加重因素,为提高本病诊治水平的关键。     

顽痹从痰论治

传统医学的顽痹包括现代医学的类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、痛风等,具有缠绵难愈、历节肿痛、骨节蹉跌等特点,治疗上颇为棘手。顽痹之所以经久不愈、深入骨骱,多责之于“伏、顽之痰为患”。在“病痰饮,当以温药和之”的治则指导下,于治疗风湿药中酌配剔痰祛积之品如白芥子、白附子、白僵蚕、制南星、皂刺、竹沥等,可显增强疗效,有效地抑阻病情发展,消除或缓解关节肿痛。     

西安市社会矛盾纠纷化解机制创新研究

现阶段西安市的社会矛盾纠纷主要呈现出高发性、群体性、利益性、复杂性等显著特征。西安市现行社会矛盾纠纷化解工作机制尚存在着重治标轻治本、调解组织不健全、管理松散、职责不明、监督不到位、协调对接不力、工作经费保障性差、调解队伍力量薄弱等突出问题。对此,应构建一套集风险评估机制、制度性利益受损补救机制、社会矛盾纠纷多元调解工作机制与保障机制为一体的新型社会矛盾纠纷化解机制,以弥补和克服现行机制的不足,提高社会矛盾化解效率。