Is environmentally sustainable and inclusive growth possible? Sub-Saharan Africa and emerging global norms on development

This paper critically reviews the debates on environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive growth with specific focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. It observes that, even considering its inherent limits, the discourse on growth is still imprisoned by the Washington Consensus mode of thinking. There have been attempts by various institutions and commissions appointed by heads of government to take the debate forward, but a lack of commonly agreed global norms undermines prospects for shifts in thinking. Nonetheless, countries need to undertake such efforts if there is to be any meaningful deliberation on environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive growth. In this regard, the paper also examines the strengths and weaknesses of efforts undertaken by South Africa thus far. Policy emphases on the role of the state and structural transformation that predominate in debates in formal institutions in the African continent are insufficient. This paper explores what is possible.     

Organizing for Resistance: How Group Structure Impacts the Character of Violence

How does the way in which a group organizes change the lethality of the group's attacks? In this article, we argue that groups organized vertically as hierarchies are likely to conduct more lethal attacks. We build our argument around three advantages inherent to centralized structures: functional differentiation, clear command and control structures, and accountability. We argue that each of these characteristics positively impacts an organization's ability to deliver an effective lethal blow. To test our argument, we use a mixed method approach, drawing on empirical evidence and support from a time-series case study. Our large-N analysis examines the trends in more than 19,000 attacks. In this test we develop a novel proxy measure for hierarchy based on a group's bases of operation and non-violent activities. To complement the empirical work, we examine the history of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), the Basque separatist group. Over several decades of violent operations, this group's structure has changed dramatically. We analyze how these shifts impacted ETA's ability to maximize the effectiveness and damage of their attacks. In both the case study and large-N analysis, the more hierarchically organized the group, the more easily the group can orchestrate lethal attacks.     

‘At least 2001’: US security policy and exit strategy in Bosnia

This article describes and analyzes the United States’ security conduct in Bosnia since the Dayton Accords of November 1995, and its involvement in the multilateral conflict resolution and peacebuilding effort. From this analysis, the conclusion is that it will be difficult for the US to exit from its engagement in Bosnia. Various explanations are offered for the formulation of American policy: norms and values, alliance politics and the role of NATO, bureaucratic and congressional influence, as well as presidential leadership. The most important factor remains affirmation of US leadership to make the peacebuilding mission in Bosnia a successful one.     

新形势下贵州经济社会发展重点及政策思考

国发2号文件的颁布和国家实施的新一轮西部大开发战略给贵州带来了新的发展机遇。“十二五”时期，尤其是头几年的发展状况，直接关系到贵州战略定位和发展目标能否顺利实现。我们应该积极应对，制定出贯彻落实国发2号文件的具体措施和分阶段行动步骤。与此同时，向国家建议在区域产业政策、财政政策和金融政策方面对贵州实行差别化政策，助推贵州实现跨越式发展。     

美国种族隔离案件裁决与宪法解释方法

宪法解释是法院依照宪法审理案件、体现对社会动态合宪性评价的重要方式。通过对有关种族隔离案件的裁决,美国最高法院在推翻种族隔离、发展民权运动的历程中扮演着重要角色。本文选取三个典型案例——使"平等隔离"理论合宪化的"普莱西案"、推翻"平等隔离"理论的"布朗第一案"和将"平等保护"条款适用于联邦政府的"特区学校第一案"——阐述原旨主义与非原旨主义的论争以及历史解释和结构解释等宪法解释方法的运用。多种宪法解释方法时常结合使用,在具体案件审理中可能需要综合予以考虑。     

中美关系新发展与美国对华政策调整

近一年来,美国政府对华政策发生了一定程度的正面变化。中关关系良性互动明显增强,双方在政治、安全、经济和国际等领域的对话与合作取得显著成果。中美关系可望进入一个以稳定发展、积极互动为基本特征的新时期。尽管如此,美国仍不会从根本上改变对华防范、遏制战略,中美之间的结构性矛盾也不会消失。     

后金融危机时代国际安全结构新变化与国家安全战略

2008年美国金融危机把世界带入一场深重的全面经济危机之中,2009年之后全球经济放缓,进入“后金融危机时代”。尽管国际安全格局与世界政治经济秩序没有发生转折性变化,但是从国际安全结构的视角来看,维持现有国际安全格局的因素发生不同程度的变化,深刻影响着目前国际安全态势。国际安全结构是指不同地区层次的各个国际关系行为体在国际安全领域内形成的生存与发展状态,是一个融合了地区结构、内容结构与主体结构的三维复合体。后金融危机时代国际安全结构发生新的变化,表现在：国际安全地区结构多元,多种力量角逐世界格局;国际安全内容结构多样,传统安全势头加剧发展;非传统安全日益复杂,更加依赖国内政治保障;金融安全问题形成溢出效应,经济政治领域不稳定局面加剧;国际安全主体结构多层,行为体之间相互制约性增强。国际安全结构的这些变化表明,国家行为体与非国家行为体、地区性安全与全球性安全、传统安全与非传统安全等问题结合得日益紧密。严峻的国际安全格局发展态势需要中国准确定位国家安全战略,有效地处理与各行为主体之间的安全关系,为国家和人民创造安全的生存和发展环境;培育应对安全威胁的国家结构性安全能力,更好地处理国际安全事务;广泛参与国际安全战略合作,尊重国际公约与国际规则,坚持国家利益,保证国家安全和社会稳定。     

大鼠脂肪细胞分化过程中脂代谢相关基因转录表达时序的研究

对大鼠附睾和肾周脂肪组织分离的前体脂肪细胞原代培养,采用RT-PCR法分析脂代谢重要酶和转录因子基因在不同分化阶段转录表达的时序变化。结果显示,在前体脂肪细胞阶段,固醇调控元件结合蛋白(SREBP)-1c、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(ChREBP)以及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α(ACC1)、硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)和激素敏感脂酶(HSL)基因均不转录表达;HSL mRNA在分化初期表达,中期表达水平最高,分化末期降低;SCD mRNA在分化中期表达,末期表达水平显著提高;分化初期FAS mRNA水平明显高于中期和末期;ACC1mRNA仅在末期表达;分化初期SREBP-1c mRNA水平较高,中期和末期显著下降;ChREBP mR-NA表达水平在分化末期稍高于中期,但差异不显著。表明,SREBP-1c mRNA的表达与脂肪细胞早期分化调控有关,分化成熟脂肪细胞的ChREBP mRNA表达可能与生脂基因的转录激活有关。     

入世后广西如何吸引外商参与工业结构调整

广西工业结构不合理 ,中国加入世贸组织 ,广西必须抓住机遇 ,结合实际 ,大力吸引外商参与工业结构调整。文章认为 ,广西吸引外商参与工业结构调整 ,首先要正确确定外商投资的重点 ,继续实行鼓励外商投资的政策 ,并高度重视引资中的无形竞争     

再论刑法上之“类型化”思维——一种基于“方法论”的扩展性思考

“类型化”作为一种具有重要实践价值的思考方式,并未引起刑法学界的应有关注。与概念式的思考不同,类型化的思考是一种同时容纳了归纳与演绎两种流程的双向度思考,是一种“中等抽象程度”的思考,是一种开放性的思考,是一种关系化的、结构化的思考。类型化思维所具有的上述特征,使得我们对刑法中的诸多难题获得了更具说服力的认识和理解。