高效液相色谱法分析红色、绿色摇头丸中的染料

目的根据摇头丸不同的色素成分建立区分摇头丸的方法。方法运用高效液相色谱法分别分析68种红色摇头丸和28种绿色摇头丸。结果 68种红色摇头丸分为7类,28种绿色摇头丸分为4类。结论该方法操作简单、结果准确,可以为侦查提供线索。     

后金融危机时代国际安全结构新变化与国家安全战略

2008年美国金融危机把世界带入一场深重的全面经济危机之中,2009年之后全球经济放缓,进入“后金融危机时代”。尽管国际安全格局与世界政治经济秩序没有发生转折性变化,但是从国际安全结构的视角来看,维持现有国际安全格局的因素发生不同程度的变化,深刻影响着目前国际安全态势。国际安全结构是指不同地区层次的各个国际关系行为体在国际安全领域内形成的生存与发展状态,是一个融合了地区结构、内容结构与主体结构的三维复合体。后金融危机时代国际安全结构发生新的变化,表现在：国际安全地区结构多元,多种力量角逐世界格局;国际安全内容结构多样,传统安全势头加剧发展;非传统安全日益复杂,更加依赖国内政治保障;金融安全问题形成溢出效应,经济政治领域不稳定局面加剧;国际安全主体结构多层,行为体之间相互制约性增强。国际安全结构的这些变化表明,国家行为体与非国家行为体、地区性安全与全球性安全、传统安全与非传统安全等问题结合得日益紧密。严峻的国际安全格局发展态势需要中国准确定位国家安全战略,有效地处理与各行为主体之间的安全关系,为国家和人民创造安全的生存和发展环境;培育应对安全威胁的国家结构性安全能力,更好地处理国际安全事务;广泛参与国际安全战略合作,尊重国际公约与国际规则,坚持国家利益,保证国家安全和社会稳定。     

美国种族隔离案件裁决与宪法解释方法

宪法解释是法院依照宪法审理案件、体现对社会动态合宪性评价的重要方式。通过对有关种族隔离案件的裁决,美国最高法院在推翻种族隔离、发展民权运动的历程中扮演着重要角色。本文选取三个典型案例——使"平等隔离"理论合宪化的"普莱西案"、推翻"平等隔离"理论的"布朗第一案"和将"平等保护"条款适用于联邦政府的"特区学校第一案"——阐述原旨主义与非原旨主义的论争以及历史解释和结构解释等宪法解释方法的运用。多种宪法解释方法时常结合使用,在具体案件审理中可能需要综合予以考虑。     

中美关系新发展与美国对华政策调整

近一年来,美国政府对华政策发生了一定程度的正面变化。中关关系良性互动明显增强,双方在政治、安全、经济和国际等领域的对话与合作取得显著成果。中美关系可望进入一个以稳定发展、积极互动为基本特征的新时期。尽管如此,美国仍不会从根本上改变对华防范、遏制战略,中美之间的结构性矛盾也不会消失。     

Organizing for Resistance: How Group Structure Impacts the Character of Violence

How does the way in which a group organizes change the lethality of the group's attacks? In this article, we argue that groups organized vertically as hierarchies are likely to conduct more lethal attacks. We build our argument around three advantages inherent to centralized structures: functional differentiation, clear command and control structures, and accountability. We argue that each of these characteristics positively impacts an organization's ability to deliver an effective lethal blow. To test our argument, we use a mixed method approach, drawing on empirical evidence and support from a time-series case study. Our large-N analysis examines the trends in more than 19,000 attacks. In this test we develop a novel proxy measure for hierarchy based on a group's bases of operation and non-violent activities. To complement the empirical work, we examine the history of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), the Basque separatist group. Over several decades of violent operations, this group's structure has changed dramatically. We analyze how these shifts impacted ETA's ability to maximize the effectiveness and damage of their attacks. In both the case study and large-N analysis, the more hierarchically organized the group, the more easily the group can orchestrate lethal attacks.     

‘At least 2001’: US security policy and exit strategy in Bosnia

This article describes and analyzes the United States’ security conduct in Bosnia since the Dayton Accords of November 1995, and its involvement in the multilateral conflict resolution and peacebuilding effort. From this analysis, the conclusion is that it will be difficult for the US to exit from its engagement in Bosnia. Various explanations are offered for the formulation of American policy: norms and values, alliance politics and the role of NATO, bureaucratic and congressional influence, as well as presidential leadership. The most important factor remains affirmation of US leadership to make the peacebuilding mission in Bosnia a successful one.     

Is environmentally sustainable and inclusive growth possible? Sub-Saharan Africa and emerging global norms on development

This paper critically reviews the debates on environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive growth with specific focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. It observes that, even considering its inherent limits, the discourse on growth is still imprisoned by the Washington Consensus mode of thinking. There have been attempts by various institutions and commissions appointed by heads of government to take the debate forward, but a lack of commonly agreed global norms undermines prospects for shifts in thinking. Nonetheless, countries need to undertake such efforts if there is to be any meaningful deliberation on environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive growth. In this regard, the paper also examines the strengths and weaknesses of efforts undertaken by South Africa thus far. Policy emphases on the role of the state and structural transformation that predominate in debates in formal institutions in the African continent are insufficient. This paper explores what is possible.     

全面理解“共同富裕”思想，正确认识当代中国的社会分化

"共同富裕"是邓小平社会主义本质论的核心内容,也是中国人自古以来对理想社会的不懈追求.如何把深入人心的"共同富裕"思想与改革以来社会急剧分化的客观现实统一起来,正确认识当代中国社会中理论与现实的巨大反差,引导社会实践朝着理论指引的目标前进,是当前中国理论界面临的一个重要课题.当代中国社会的发展在总体方向上仍然符合邓小平"共同富裕"的发展思路.不容忽视的是,社会的贫富分化正日趋严重,地区差别越来越大,一部分人通过非法途径暴富,等等.但是这种消极现象主要是由社会转型期的结构扭曲造成的,属于发展中的问题,可以通过进一步的改革和发展加以控制与解决.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因的克隆及其结构特征

参照GenBank中登录的TGEVS基因序列设计了 3对特异引物 ,经RT PCR扩增获得了TS株S基因的SⅠ、SⅡ和SⅢ 3个片段 ,其大小分别约为 12 6 2、2 36 8和 12 6 6bp。SⅠ、SⅡ和SⅢ片段经剪接后 ,可知TS株的S基因全长为 4 347nt ,共编码 14 4 9个氨基酸。对TS株与其他毒株的S基因序列进行比较发现 ,TS株与Miller株、FS72 2 / 70株、TGEVH株、96 1933株、TFI株均在 112 4～112 9位有 5′ ATGATA 3′六个碱基 ,而在Purdue株、TH 98株、NEB72 RT株和PRCV HOL87株中缺失 ;TS株与Miller株、FS72 2 / 70株、TFI株、Purdue株、96 1933株、TGEVH株、TH 98株、NEB72 RT株和PRCV HOL87株的核苷酸序列同源性分别为 99.6 %、98.9%、98.0 %、98.3%、95 .7%、99.3%、97.7%、98.3%和 97.5 % ,推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别为 99.2 %、98.4 %、97.7%、97.8%、94 .8%、98.6 %、97.2 %、97.7%和 97.0 % ;TS株S蛋白的推导氨基酸序列较Purdue株、TH 98株和NEB72 RT株多出 2个潜在的糖基化位点 ,共 34个。与不同毒株比较后 ,推测在TGEV的S蛋白中第 71位的Asp(D)与呼吸道嗜性有关 ,第 2 19位的Ala(A)与肠道嗜性有关     

马克思利润平均化理论与当前产业结构的调整

利润平均化是通过资本在不同产业或部门之间的竞争实现的,各产业(部门)利润率平均化的过程,实质 上就是在不同产业部门不同利润率信号的引导下,逐步实现产业结构不断调整的过程。在此基础上文章分析了产业结 构调整的障碍因素,阐释了当前进行产业结构调整的措施。