Social networks versus technical networks： How different social interaction patterns effect information system utilization in the organizations？

Improvements in information and communication technologies have reshaped production and consumption relations during the post-modern era. Societies have tried to adapt themselves to the requirements of new knowledge-based economy. It has also become vital for the organizations to meet the needs of knowledge society. Whether they are public or private, organizations play key roles in the transformation processes of the societies and economies. It is important for the organizations not only to use the latest information technologies, but also create social structures, which can ease information flow throughout the organization. Social network studies that are quite different from traditional approaches in sociology can be very useful tools to understand arid manipulate organizational networks. The results of several research activities have shown that actors use their social connections to reach information, resources and possible opportunities （Garguilo ＆ Benassi, 2000）. It is not enough to use advanced information technologies in an organization to build an effective knowledge distribution system regarding the social network perspective, it is required to understand the patterns of social interactions between actors and to find a fit between technical structure and social structure for effective knowledge-based organizational design. Structural holes theory （Butt, 1992） emphasized the importance of brokerage roles of the actors in a social network. Structural holes are unconnected actors （individuals, groups or organizations） in a social network （Burt, 1992）. If there are numerous structural holes in an organization, there will also be quite a number of brokerage opportunities for some actors in the organizational networks. Brokers are the bridges and gatekeepers who are controlling information flow in the organizations. It is vitally important to explore brokerage patterns in an organizational network for an effective knowledge based design. This study is a conceptual framework aiming at bringing an explanation to socially created information flow structures in the organizations by using structural holes theory.     

番鸭细小病毒MDPV YZ株VP2和VP3蛋白基因的克隆和序列测定

根据国外已发表的番鸭细小病毒(MDPV)FM株基因组核苷酸序列设计了1对引物,应用PCR技术扩增了MDPV YZ株的VP2和VP3蛋白基因片段.将扩增后的VP2和VP3蛋白基因克隆到pCR 3.1 T载体上,MDPV YZ株基因大小为1764 bp,编码528个氨基酸,并对插入片段进行序列测定.测定结果表明,我国分离的MDPV YZ株蛋白基因序列与国外发表的序列的同源性为98.5%.     

语言词与话语词

语言词和话语词有区别 ,应该加以区别 ,其重要区别是语言词意义的一般性和语话词意义的具体性或特指性、语言词意义的多重性和话语词意义的确定性、语言词意义的规约性和话语词意义的开放性等。区分语言词和话语词主要在词汇学、词典学、语法学以及修辞学领域有现实意义。     

高校毕业生就业结构性失衡及应对

近年来,结构性失衡已成为高校毕业生就业的主要矛盾,突出表现在市场供需不匹配、区域结构性矛盾、公共就业服务供需矛盾、性别差异等方面.其根源主要在于产业转型升级创造高端岗位的速度远低于高校毕业生的增速,区域性发展不平衡,以及专业设置的刚性和传统思想根深蒂固等.研究认为,可以采取协同推进产业转型、建立市场导向的专业设置机制、...     

Is Bigger Really Better? A Comparative Analysis of Municipal Mergers in Australian and Japanese Local Government

While structural reform by means of municipal mergers has been employed in many different countries, council consolidation has been especially marked in Australian and Japanese local government. This suggests that much can be learned by examining amalgamation through the analytical prism of comparative analysis. In this article, we investigate structural reform through municipal amalgamation in Australian and Japanese local government by examining the aims of amalgamation, the methods employed by public policy makers and the outcomes which were achieved. From this comparative analysis, we attempt to draw some broader lessons for local government policy making aimed at local government reform.     

The Unintended Consequences of Structural Change: When Formal and Informal Institutions Collide in Efforts to Address Wicked Problems

Significant restructuring of bureaucracies has occurred to facilitate joined-up working. This article draws on new institutionalism to explore the rationale behind the use of structural change for the promotion of joined-up working. It argues that a strong institutionalized myth has emerged which has created isomorphic pressures in the public sector to instigate structural changes in the name of vertical integration. These combine with informal institutions in ways that can be both productive and unproductive, highlighting the need to find a balance between formal institutional change and informal institutionalized practices, which often go unacknowledged as a powerful influence on policy.     

辨证论治结合生物反馈治疗功能性排便障碍临床研究

目的 观察中医辨证分型结合生物反馈治疗功能性排便障碍（functional defecation disorders,FDD）的临床疗效。方法 选取90例符合FDD诊断标准的患者,根据随机分组方法分为生物反馈组30例、中医辨证组30例、综合治疗组30例。生物反馈组患者接受盆底生物反馈治疗,中医辨证组患者在中医辨证分型基础上给予中药口服,综合治疗组患者在口服中药的基础上联合盆底生物反馈治疗,10 d为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。观察治疗前后3组患者的临床症状积分、便质积分、肛管直肠压力、直肠感觉值、盆底Glazer评估及球囊逼出试验情况并作前后对比,观察不同治疗方法的临床疗效。结果 综合治疗组在肛门坠胀、排便间隔时间、排便方式、便质的改善程度上优于生物反馈组（P<0.05）,在肛门坠胀、便感的改善程度上优于中医辨证组（P<0.05）。综合治疗组治疗后肛管静息压、肛管收缩压、直肠排便压改善程度与其他两组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,直肠静息压低于中医辨证组（P<0.05）。综合治疗组治疗后初始感觉阈值、疼痛阈值改善程度均优于生物反馈组和中医辨证组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,排便阈值改善程度优于中医辨证组（P<0.05）。综合治疗组治疗后快速收缩值、耐久收缩值改善程度优于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,持续收缩值改善程度优于中医辨证组（P<0.05）。3组治疗后球囊逼出试验转阴率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),以综合治疗组转阴率为最高。结论 中医辨证论治结合生物反馈治疗FDD的临床效果优于单纯中医辨证治疗或者生物反馈治疗。     

肝豆状核变性患者中医证型的临床客观指标研究

目的分析不同中医证型肝豆状核变性(hepatolenticular degeneration,HLD)患者临床客观指标的差异,为HLD辨证分型客观化提供依据。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年6月期间185例未经驱铜治疗的HLD患者的临床客观指标和中医证型,并比较不同中医证型患者客观指标的差异。结果不同证型HLD患者的发病年龄,病程,血尿酸水平,角膜K-F环阳性率,肝脏超声影像学表现,以及肾脏损伤、腹水和胆囊疾患发生率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),不同证型HLD患者的临床客观指标呈现不同的特征性变化。如肝肾不足证者发病最低,病程最短,血尿酸水平最高,角膜K-F环阳性率最低,肝脏超声主要呈现星光点征,肾脏损伤发生率最低。结论 HLD患者的年龄、病程、血尿酸水平、角膜K-F环、腹部彩色超声影像学表现对中医辨证分型具有一定参考价值。     

政务信息公开满意度影响因素分析——以政府网站为例

以政府网络为视角,研究政务信息公开满意度影响因素,有助于政府部门改进信息化服务工作,提高公众满意度.本文通过对美国顾客满意度指数模型(A CSI)进行改进并参考欧洲顾客满意度指数模型(ECSI),构建了我国政府网站政务信息公开满意度模型,运用问卷调查和结构方程模型(SEM)对所构建模型进行实证检验,从公众视角揭示我国政...     

To survive is all: How the authoritarian core tackles neighboring dictatorships

This article attempts to answer why autocrats of illiberal regional powers intervene in the politics of neighboring dictatorships and argues that the dictator always prioritizes his survival and thus intervenes if he perceives his survival to be under direct threat. The formal model proposes three factors that determine the level of perceived threat: demographic composition, structural similarity, and regime dynamic of autocratic countries. The authoritarian core must pay close attention to those neighboring autocratic countries that are suffering from regime change, are close to its own densely populated region, and have regime types or social structure similar to itself. Additionally, if hostile ethnic or religious groups are highly concentrated in some areas of the authoritarian core where it borders autocracies experiencing regime instability, the authoritarian core will be motivated to intervene in the domestic affairs of those neighboring countries. Using QCA and case studies, this article confirmed that whether an authoritarian core will take action against countries in geographical proximity depends on a combination of these three factors.