基于SIRT1/PGC-1α通路探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠急性期神经损伤的保护机制。方法随机选取15只SD大鼠为假手术组,另将模型复制成功的大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型大鼠60只随机分为模型组、电针组、丰富康复训练组(康复组)和电针联合丰富康复训练组(联合组),每组15只。假手术组和模型组不进行干预,电针组和联合组于“百会”“大椎”进行电针治疗;康复组和联合组予以丰富环境与康复训练,每次30 min,每日1次,连续治疗3 d。观察大鼠缺血侧皮质区脑血流量、组织形态学、阳性细胞率的动态变化,检测缺血侧皮质中丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)含量;RT-PCR检测沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α,PGC-1α)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,Caspase-3)及半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9,Caspase-9)mRNA的表达水平。结果分组因素对缺血侧皮质中MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1α、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的主效应均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑血流量,SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),阳性细胞率,MDA水平,Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,各治疗组SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平显著上升(P<0.05),MDA水平和Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);联合组与电针组、康复组比较,上述各指标表达水平均有统计学意义(P<0.05);电针联合丰富康复训练对缺血侧皮质MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1αmRNA表达水平的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05),对Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的影响无交互作用(P>0.05)。结论电针联合丰富康复训练可通过调控SIRT1/PGC-1α通路,提高抗氧化能力,改善神经细胞损伤,发挥神经保护作用。     

人文荟萃能筑巢引凤吗？ ——基于人文适宜性的中国人才区域集聚研究

经济地理学的适宜性理论认为，经济适宜性和自然适宜性对人才分布具有决定性作用，但是伴 随着人均收入水平的提高，人文适宜性对人才的吸引力有逐步增强的趋势。研究利用全国层面的城市—人才数 据对人文适宜性的人才集聚效应进行了验证。研究发现：经济和自然适宜性依然对人才分布具有决定性作用， 但人文适宜性也已成为中国城市吸纳人才的一个有利因素；电影院、文化馆等具有国情特色的人文适宜性设施 对人才的区域分布具有显著而稳健的影响；人文适宜性是人才集聚的原因而非结果；随着人文适宜性相关设施 的存量不断积累，其吸纳人才的能力和规模不会边际递减，反而有累积递增的倾向。研究建议，在人文适宜性 塑造时应突出“中国特色”，打造“经济—自然—人文”三位一体的品质城市，以吸引人才集聚。     

危机谈判的训练设计与方法选择

危机谈判训练是一种以谈判沟通技巧为基础技能,针对不同案件类型展开的警务技能训练,也是一种基于危机现场警务运作模式展开的工作机制训练,因此,危机谈判训练方法也分为技能训练方法和工作机制的训练方法,其中后者可以类推到以工作机制为训练目标的警务指挥、应急指挥训练中。     

Can training improve eyewitness identification? The effect of internal feature focus on memory for faces

Evidence suggests that individuals rely on external features such as hair and face shape when processing and recognising unfamiliar faces. This is problematic in a forensic setting because hairstyle can be changed easily. In two studies we examined whether training individuals to focus more on the stable, internal features of the face (e.g. eyes, nose and mouth) and hence less on the changeable external features would improve identification accuracy. In Study 1, participants were instructed to focus on: (1) internal features, (2) external features, or (3) both internal and external features. Participants’ eye movements were monitored while they studied target faces, which they later tried to identify from an array that included the target with a changed appearance. In Study 2, participants were instructed to focus on: (1) internal features, (2) external features, or (3) given no instructions. Participants were required to identify target faces from line-ups, where they were presented either unchanged or with an altered hairstyle. Results suggested that training individuals to attend to internal features of unfamiliar faces may improve identification accuracy in the common situation where external features have changed between presentation and identification. However, internal feature focus may decrease identification accuracy when external features are unchanged.     

The relation between interviewers’ personal characteristics and investigative interview performance in a child sexual abuse context

Despite important progress in knowledge about interview ‘best practice’ with child victims, few studies had yet evaluated the impact of interviewers’ personal characteristics on adherence to these ‘best practice’. This study was designed to determine whether interviewers’ personal characteristics are associated with adherence to a structured interview protocol (National Institute of Child and Human Development), the use of open-ended questions and the amount of details provided in children’s responses during investigative interviews with alleged victims of child sexual abuse. 114 interviews were scored from 13 police investigators after they followed a one-week training program. Results showed that experience, emotional intelligence, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism were related with adherence to the protocol and ratio of open-ended questions. Cognitive abilities were related to the amount of details obtained from the child. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare relative contribution of each variable. These findings raise questions about how investigative interviewers are selected and trained.     

公安院校素质教育再思考

培养和训练高素质的人民警察,是公安院校一切工作的出发点和落脚点,而要实现这一目标,必须全面推行素质教育。公安院校素质教育有其独特的内涵,即强调培养具有专业知识的实用性人才,强调培养崇高的职业道德和职业精神,强调培养良好的身心素质和职业素养。公安院校实施素质教育必须注意的问题:把德育放在首位,注重学生个性发展,培养学生良好的心理素质,培养学生的创新能力,建设高素质的教师队伍和学生管理干部队伍。素质教育的根本目的:要使学生学会做人,学会做事。     

陈云干部教育培训思想及其现实意义

陈云同志干部教育培训思想内容十分丰富,涉及干部教育培训的各个方面。主要包括要从事关革命与建设事业兴衰成败的高度来看待干部教育培训,把为革命和建设事业提供高素质的人才保证作为干部教育培训的出发点;要以培训革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化的党政领导干部作为干部教育培训的目标;要坚持理论联系实际原则,“不唯上,不唯书,只唯实”。干部教育培训要把提高干部的马克思主义基本理论水平作为首要任务;要根据党的工作中心,从基层单位到中央,一齐动手抓干部教育培训;不仅要注重干部教育培训的层次性和针对性,还要注重干部教育培训方式方法的灵活多样性。陈云干部教育培训思想,对搞好新时期大规模培训干部工作具有重要的现实意义。要继承和发展陈云干部教育培训思想,从事关全局的战略高度做好大规模培训干部工作,以提高执政能力为重点,发扬理论联系实际的优良传统,不断改革干部教育培训的方式方法,建立健全干部教育培训运行机制。     

公务员在培训中的主动性问题研究

公务员培训能否取得成效,关键在于能否提高公务员的主动性。而当前公务员培训中存在着诸多问题,培训效果不明显, 其原因之一就是公务员在培训中的主动性和积极性没有充分调动起来。因此,必须采取各种有效措施,提高公务员参与培训的主动 性和积极性,提高培训的效果和质量。     

论ESP教师培训

本文回顾了目前中国ESP教学的现状,认为造成目前这种教与学都不满意的关键原因在于缺少合格的ESP教师,进而提出三种培训ESP教师的途径。     

高职院校人才培养特色建设

高职院校的人才培养特色主要表现在三个方面：培养目标具有鲜明的应用性,教学过程突出实践性,专业和课程设置具有适应经济社会需求的针对性和灵活性。产学合作教育、“双证书”教育和实践教学是高职院校人才培养特色建设的主要内容。