简论阿马蒂亚·森理论对中国反贫困的启示

"自由"有超越效率、经济利益的意义,发展就是自由的扩展。"自由"的基础是要有"可行能力"。市场的整体成就深深地依赖于政治和社会安排。贫困的实质不是收入的低下,而是可行能力的贫困或被剥夺。中国反贫困对策的核心是政府要通过恰当的公共政策来提高贫困人口的可行能力。     

Politics, Altruism, and the Definition of Poverty

The history of poverty lines suggests that they are determined jointly with poverty policy in the same political game. If the definition of poverty is endogenous, however, why do altruistic voters allow poverty to persist indefinitely, as seems to be the case in real life? A simple redistribution model shows that the persistence of poverty imposes fairly strong restrictions on the nature of voter altruism. Specifically, a voter's compassion for the poor must rise as the defined severity of the poverty problem worsens. Given such preferences, political actors face incentives to define poverty as a severe problem and then to use redistribution to reduce it significantly. There is no direct incentive to eliminate poverty, however; indeed, voters may prefer a state in which policy always attacks poverty vigorously and yet never defeats it. It follows that social policy should not be judged by its success in eliminating poverty, which may be directly counter to voter interests and therefore practically impossible. Rather, we should ask whether poverty policy provides enough help to people whom voters currently consider to be poor.     

论吉林村镇银行可持续发展问题

制约当前村镇银行可持续发展的最大障碍是慈善思维方式——农民因为贫穷需要廉价资金。村镇银行发放小额农户贷款被认为是扶贫的手段。村镇银行采取商业化方式,实施高利率小额农户信贷与支持、帮助农村中的贫困群体并不矛盾。完善小额农户贷款还需要信贷员激励机制。村镇银行需要政府扶助,但又要避免地方政府的过度干预,避免政府信用担保的道德风险,这样才能实现可持续发展。     

五年制高职英语教学省思

五年制高职学生已经成为学院警察工作部学生的主流。面对学院里的这一特殊群体，如何进行英语教学以实现学院所规定的教学目标。本文从学生、学校、教师三个方面分析其成因，最后提出了相应的对策。     

Developments in educational legislation in Germany The program of the school – a new word in German school legislation

This article describes a conflict within the development of German schools towards more autonomy: by law the schools have to develop their own school program to describe the aims and goals of the school. But schools lack the knowledge to do so, and financial support can only be given in very rare cases. So this key element for the development of autonomous schools may not fulfil its purpose.     

A Poverty of Imagination: Blaming the Poor for Inequality

Inequality in Britain today is now so deep that the top 10 per cent own 100 times more than the bottom 10 per cent, yet there is remarkably little public concern or anger about poverty. Indeed, compassion and concern for the poorest in society has actually declined in recent years due to the continued, and even increased, prevalence of the view that poverty is largely caused by laziness and lack of willpower, or is simply an unavoidable fact of modern life. Either way, many people tacitly accept that ‘the poor will always be with us’. Moreover, much of the British public believes that there are sufficient opportunities to succeed for those who try hard enough, and also that it is the middle class which actually struggles the most, economically or financially. These assumptions are highly conservative in their ideological and political implications because they limit public support for egalitarianism and extensive wealth redistribution from rich to poor.     

探索校企合作之路破解专业建设难题——我院安全防范系推进校企合作、工学结合工作的探索与思考

本文以我国高职教育的专业建设和职业能力培养为切入点,总结了我院安全防范系校企合作的探索历程和工作实效,并分别从学校层面和企业层面对该办学模式存在的问题进行了深入思考。     

海事强制令新论

针对《海事诉讼特别程序法》的规定,论述海事强制令的法律性质,比较海事强制令与国外相关制度的异同,分析该制度在司法中遇到阻力的原因,提出将海事强制令改造为海事禁令,正确界定其功能,并完善和细化相应程序的建议。     

习近平关于扶贫脱贫问题重要论述的逻辑内涵与时代价值

习近平关于扶贫脱贫问题的重要论述是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分。马克思主义反贫困理论、习近平基层工作实践、国际国内环境变迁带来的全新挑战构成了习近平开展扶贫脱贫工作的理论之基、历史之源和时代之势。习近平关于扶贫脱贫问题的重要论述具有丰富的理论内涵,具体表现为:"有的放矢"的扶贫脱贫格局"、科学高效"的扶贫脱贫策略"、授人以渔"的扶贫脱贫方法"、合作共赢"的扶贫脱贫实践。这些理论内涵逻辑地构成了具有坚持世界性和民族性相统一、物质扶持和精神关照相并存、当前发展与未来进步相结合等鲜明特点的科学思想体系。它构成了深入推进中国特色社会主义扶贫脱贫工作的实践指南,并为解决世界性贫困问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。     

新时期扶贫与发展的几点思考

２０世纪末，中国的扶贫工作取得了卓越成效。当进入２１世纪时，中国所剩贫困人口主要集中在西部少数民族地区，仍面临着许多问题，扶贫与脱贫工作还很艰难，各有关部门千万不能松懈，还要积极进行研究，探索新时期解决贫困的新措施、新方法。