国家级贫困县城镇化建设

贫困表现出特有的经济社会特征,严重地制约和阻碍经济发展和社会进步,是发展的大敌。加速城镇化进程对贫困落后的地区实现资源的优化配置、扩大就业空间、实现劳动力就业转移、增加农民收入、实现“脱贫”和现代化具有积极的作用和现实意义。     

Prevention science,drug abuse prevention,and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science

There has been tremendous growth in the field of prevention science over the past two decades. The defining features of contemporary prevention science are high quality empirical research using rigorous and well-established scientific methods, careful hyphothesis testing, and the systematic accumulation of knowledge. One area where substantial progress has been made is in our understanding of the etiology and prevention of tobacoo, alcohol, and illicit drug abuse. In this paper, we review the growth in prevention as a scientific enterprise, discuss advances in drug abuse prevention research, and review the effectiveness of one approach to the problem of adolescent drug abuse, the Life Skills Traning (LST) program, and the methodological strengths of the LST evaluation research. In addition, we provide a response to criticism regarding two types of data analysis in evaluation research, and show that these analyses can help address a number of important research questions with implications for theory and practice. First, the analysis of high fidelity subsamples can address research questions about the importance of program implementation fidelity; and second, composite measures of concurrent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use (i.e., polydrug use) are useful in testing research questions about program effects on more serious levels of drug involvement. With an increasing number of ramdomized controlled trials underway, the field of prevention science is contributing to a new generation of evidence-based approaches and policies that, if widely utilized, offer the potential of reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with a number of major health and social problems.     

贵州扶贫开发中的制度创新思考——基于连片特困区的自我发展能力培育

贵州是全国贫困最严重的省份,贫闲人口多、贫困面大、贫困程度深,扶贫攻坚任务异常艰巨。由于经济社会发展存在很多历史欠账和瓶颈,常规的扶贫手段难以奏效,为了彻底摆脱贫穷落后的历史标签,必须加大扶贫开发力度,从本质上解决连片特困区的贫困问题,有针对性地找准扶贫攻坚的路径,立足资源优势和政策机会,通过制度创新,突破瓶颈制约,培育和形成贫困地区自我可持续的发展能力,让贵州与全国同步进入全面小康社会建设的新时期。     

国外高校助学帮困工作及对我国的启示

高校家庭经济困难学生的助学帮困工作,是关系到教育公平和社会稳定的一个重大问题。目前我国已经基本建立起奖、贷、助、补、减有机结合的多元一体的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。然而,高校具体的资助工作中仍然存在着一系列的难题。借鉴国外高校学生资助政策中的相关经验,对于解决当前我国高校助学帮困工作中存在的具体问题,改进我国高校的经济困难学生资助政策有所助益。     

大学生勤工助学与实习、兼职的性质及规制

勤工俭学、勤工助学、实习、兼职均为大学生社会实践活动的表现形式。高校现行的勤工助学宜定性为政府、学校帮助困难学生完成学业的一种资助方式,而大学生为获取社会经验、促进就业在校外开展的实习、兼职则属于一种有偿劳动,大学生的身份属于特殊劳动者,适用《劳动法》予以保护。     

基于项目导向的高职社会工作专业实践教学探索——以北京政法职业学院社会工作专业为例

实践教学对于高职社会工作专业具有特别重要的意义。本文以北京政法职业学院社会工作专业为例,从课程实训项目、专业实习项目、社会服务项目三个方面入手,对学校、政府、行业深度合作的"社团+项目+基地"的实践教学模式进行了初步的探讨。     

检察机关提起民事公益诉讼之权力解析及程序构建

我国的检察权是一种复合型的权力,法律监督权和公诉权是其最主要的两种权能,这两种权力在本质上存在不可兼容性。检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的权力源自其公诉职能。检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的制度构建应该首先在宪法上明确其公诉职能,并以此为据,在《人民检察院组织法》和《民事诉讼法》中确定检察机关在民事公益诉讼中的"公诉人"地位,设置检察机关提起公益诉讼的特别程序。     

Gang Membership,Gun Carrying,and Employment: Applying Routine Activities Theory to Explain Violent Victimization Among Inner City,Minority Youth Living in Extreme Poverty∗

Conceptual inconsistencies in routine activities theory are illustrated by demonstrating how gang membership, gun carrying, and employment can be categorized as both risk and protective factors in a high‐poverty context. Two waves of longitudinal data from a high‐poverty sample of African American youth were used to examine the determinants of victimization risk. Bivariate analyses indicated that gang membership, gun carrying, and employment status are significant risk factors for violent victimization, but these effects were mediated by measures of lifestyles (e.g., demographic and family factors, deviant lifestyles) included as controls in the full multivariate model. In other words, the strong positive relationship between gang membership and gun carrying found in previous studies may be due to model misspecification and/or the lack of research on high‐poverty samples of inner city youth from the Deep South. Additional logistic regression analyses also indicate that the number of hours employed per week (but not employment status) is a risk factor for violent victimization. Finally, the theoretical implications of these findings for routine activities theory are discussed.     

Community In‐Reach Through Jail Reentry: Findings from a Quasi‐Experimental Design

Offenders face a number of significant challenges upon reentry into the community, including securing employment, locating housing, and accessing adequate substance abuse and mental health treatment. These and related issues, if neglected, only bolster rising recidivism rates which have prompted renewed interest in rehabilitation initiatives such as inmate reentry. Many jurisdictions have implemented programs designed to improve offenders' success after prison, but jail reentry programs are far less common. This study examined the effectiveness of one such program, the Auglaize County (OH) Transition (ACT) Program. Using a quasiexperimental design, recidivism was measured a year after release to determine if participation in the ACT Program was predictive of successful reentry. Findings suggest that program participation is strongly related to outcome success as was criminal history. Implications for correctional policy and suggestions for additional jail reentry research are considered.     

文化扶贫是宁夏南部山区和谐富裕发展的必要路径

宁夏南部山区农民要彻底摆脱贫困,必须做到经济扶贫与文化扶贫并重,物质扶贫与精神扶贫同步,能动地变革特定社区落后的社会文化因素,传播、注入有活力的现代文化因子,使该区域的社会群体意识发生深刻变化,从而使之能够更好地适应现代生产力的发展。