公平的价值:政策工具的视角——以日本的所得税制为例

公平原则在税收政策制订与执行过程中具有很重要的工具性作用,日本的所得税制在采用公平原则方面很有参考价值。日本开征所得税为缓解政府的财政压力起到了重要作用,但其顺利实施却有赖于公平这一政策工具的推动。政府以公平作为征税理由之一,提高了政府征税的正当性,有效降低了征税阻力。     

增值税转型对我国经济的影响

我国经济结构正处于战略性调整时期,新技术、新设备的采用至关重要。增值税由生产型转为消费型,对企业利润表、对现金流量表、对不同行业、对产业结构、对我国民族工业、对利用外资以及对证券市场以及对工业增长模式等方面产生了非常重要的影响。     

Incentives and beneficence

Whether an action is beneficent may depend on its effect on incentives for future behavior of the beneficiary. This strategic consideration makes our moral account of beneficence far more complex than most discussions suggest. Its effect on utilitarian and Kantian moral theories is discussed. In general, strategic incentive considerations recommend institutional rather than individual resolution of many problems, so that moral theory must in part be political and institutional.     

税务行政效率评价方法的发展及评析

结合行政管理理论及实践的发展,建立科学综合的税务行政效率评价体系,已成为客观需要。对税务行政效率的评价方法,实际上可以归纳为两类:一类是主要是以成本-收益法为基础的评价方法,另一类是以成本-绩效法为基础的评价体系,前者应用于早期的税务管理实践中,后者随着公共管理理念的深入而还在不断发展完善。两类方法虽然在时间上存在发展与被发展的关系,但如果考虑税务管理活动的特殊性和实际运用情况,两者并不存在简单的替代关系,因为效率与公平目标两者往往不能统一,在实际应用中,要根据不同环境和条件而灵活使用。     

“分税制”与“土地财政”——我国土地征收问题之诱因分析

在我国,土地征收已经演化为严重的社会问题。若仅从土地征收制度本身的设计缺陷来研究这些问题,并不能触及根本,因为这些问题根植于整个国家的财政制度体系。分税制改革之后造成的地方财政赤字严重,并且由此引发的土地财政,是土地征收问题难以根治的重要诱因。     

美国企业并购中涉税影响的评介

合理的企业并购战略既重新配置经济中存量资源,促进经济发展,还是企业经营迈向成功的契机。随着我国海内外并购活动的日趋活跃,税收已经成为影响企业并购形式、交易成本等方面的重要因素,但并未引起国内学者的重视。本文主要依据美国《国内税收法典》、《1986年税收改革法案》,简要综述国外学者对美国企业并购中涉税问题的研究成果,阐明税收因素对美国企业并购的重要影响,为我国企业并购提供借鉴,也为国内并购交易的税收法规研究提供新的思路。     

论我国企业重组税收法律制度的改革与完善——韩国的法律实践及其借鉴

低税率和少管制是吸引国际投资者的重要因素。经过两次金融危机,韩国政府对企业重组税制进行了重大修改,降低了税率,减少了管制,从而提升了韩国企业的国际竞争力。我国企业重组税制存在缺陷,为应对金融危机、提高企业竞争力、引进外资等,我国应放宽跨国性企业重组、完善企业重组中的反避税政策、整合相关法律规定,简化和优化税制等。     

Investigating Sales Tax Revenue Competition Among Principal Cities and Their Neighboring Cities in Texas

ABSTRACT

While research has explored the economic importance of principal cities on regional economies, little is known about the short-run and long-run dynamic relationships between principal cities and their neighboring cities as it pertains to their sales tax revenue elasticities and the subsequent affect this has on horizontal tax competition. Using vector error correction models on data from six principal cities in Texas, the findings of this study suggest that the relationship between principal and neighboring cities is highly dynamic and unique for each principal city. The study recommends that local economic policies should reflect these unique relationships.     

Are Overlapping Local Governments Competing With Each Other When Issuing Debt?

Local public services are produced through various overlapping jurisdictions. This study examines how the issuance of municipal general obligation bonds is affected by the tax policies of overlapping local governments. The findings challenge the hypothesis that the shared tax base would be overused in a common-pool resource scenario. Instead, the empirical results show that the issuance of general obligation bonds is more likely in jurisdictions where counties and school districts make more intensive use of the property tax. These findings highlight the importance of the signals local governments receive from their overlapping neighbors regarding voters’ demand for additional public spending.