State greenhouse gas reduction policies: a move in the right direction?

The lack of significant efforts at the national level to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in the United States has provided the impetus for a number of state programs. This article assesses the efficiency of these programs in making real progress in GHG reductions. It also explores the effect of state programs on the eventual adoption of a strong national GHG mitigation policy. While state programs are likely to demonstrate the viability of new mitigation approaches, they are also likely to create a set of expectations and precedents that will make a strong and coherent national policy more difficult.

制度的内部性外部性失衡与我国政府改革——对我国政府改革相对滞后原因的理论思考

当前,我国经济社会的转型进入了关键时期,政府改革能否顺利推进是涉及我国经济社会长远发展的战略性任务。政府改革相对滞后又是我国转型期的重要特征,破解政府改革难题成为改革攻坚的核心课题。在以往的研究中,忽视了制度变迁中的政府也是改革需求者的重要事实。文章从制度的外部性和内部性出发,指出政府制度的内部性与外部性之间的冲突与失衡是导致改革滞后的基本原因。     

Clans,politics and organized crime in Central Asia

This paper investigates the role of transnational organized crime in the democratisation process in the Central Asian area. It examines the inherent connections that exist between the leading tribal families, political elites and organized crime, and explores how criminal networks have proliferated in society and consequently in politics. The complete absence of a ruling élite and striking economic issues left unsolved were the legacy that Soviet rule would leave to the newly independent Central Asian Republics. After the fall of the former Soviet Union other, more profitable forms of transnational organized crime flourished. According to the official statistics of the UNODC and the American State Department, 92% of the world’s heroin is produced in Afghanistan. Of this, around 65% is smuggled into Europe and America along the Silk Road, and therefore through the five Central Asian Republics and Russia. High levels of corruption in Central Asia heavily affect political and economic life. The economies of the region have progressively become dominated by criminal activity with smuggling, trafficking and other activities linked to transnational organized crime as the major source of income. Central Asia’s strategic location makes this a global security concern.

Occupational structures across 25 EU countries: the importance of industry structure and technology in old and new EU countries

This article analyzes the occupational structure of 25 European Union countries during the period 2000–2004. Shift-share analyses are used to decompose cross-country differences in occupational structure into within sector and between sectors effects. The static analysis for 2004 shows that the new member countries employ a lower share of skilled workers because their industry structure is biased towards less skill-intensive industries and because they use fewer skills within industries. The differences in the shares of (high-skilled) non-production workers are dominated by the between (industrial) effect. In contrast, the dynamic analysis of 2000–2004 showed that changes in the share of high-skilled non-production workers are mostly driven by within sector changes, which are probably related to skill-biased technological change. Similar trends in the countries’ within effects support the catch-up of the new member countries’ skills demand, while the structural developments that could equalize the industry mix of the new and old member countries are related to increased domestic demand and will probably take time.

毛泽东高举反帝、反霸旗帜的国际战略思想

本文深入阐述和准确概括新中国建立后20年间毛泽东国际战略思想的基本原则,回顾和论述毛泽东从“一边倒”到反帝反霸国际战略实践的转变,全面总结毛泽东反帝、反霸国际战略的践行及其成效。深入探讨、准确理解和把握毛泽东国际战略思想对于我们今天的外交工作仍然具有重要现实意义。     

态度改变模式对领导干部理想信念教育的启示

态度改变与理想信念教育存在着相似的机理,因此,通过影响态度改变模式的四个变量,我们可以提高理想信念教育的有效性：从劝说者变量来看,应注重从专业性、可靠性和吸引力三个方面提升教师的影响力;从沟通变量来看,要根据信息的差异性、情绪性和组织性,合理制定教学内容和教学方式;从劝说对象变量来看,须深入了解学员的原有态度、人格特质和心理免疫情况;从情境变量来看,应该充分优化教学环境的预警因素、分心因素和强化因素。     

知识产权的制度风险与法律控制

在风险社会的语境中,知识产权法是一种制度文明,也是一种可能存在的制度风险。诸如文化风险、生态风险、基因技术风险、网络风险等,主要是知识产权制度的"内生性"风险。如何克服现行知识产权法律制度和法律秩序的先天性缺陷和潜在危机,提高风险意识,增强风险识别能力,寻求风险治理机制,是国际知识产权界共同面临的时代问题。知识产权制度风险的法律治理必须秉持价值理性与工具理性统一、权利观念与责任观念统一、法律控制与技术规制统一等理念,并通过传统知识保护、公共领域保留、开放存取及知识共享协议、知识创新奖励等制度的替代和补充,形成一个应对风险社会的观念体系和制度系统。这是应对知识产权制度风险的法律举措,也是实现知识产权制度价值目标的法律变革路径。     

技术创新与知识产权战略及其法律保障体系研究

知识产权战略与技术创新之间既相互区别又具有十分密切的联系.知识产权战略实施对于我国技术创新具有极大的推动作用,技术创新则是知识产权战略实施的重要目标.为促进技术创新与知识产权战略的有效融合,需要建立以知识产权法律制度为核心的促进技术创新的法律保障体系,建构技术创新与知识产权战略融合的法律运行机制.     

浅析社会变革中的文化因素

改革开放以来中国社会进入变革时期。这种变革是社会整体的变迁,包括政治结构、经济结构和文化的变迁。笔者认为从某种意义上讲,文化是社会变革能否成功的根本问题。在社会变革中,许多最复杂、最艰难的问题都反映在文化上,文化所受到的冲击非常大,其剧烈程度远远超过社会的其他领域。因此,本文试图通过分析文化对政治、经济领域改革的重要影响,强调文化在社会变革中的重要作用。