世界银行的环境保护政策及其对我国的启示

世界银行的环境保护政策包括五个方面,即:环境评价、大坝安全、林业、自然栖息地和病虫害管理。世界银行的环境保护政策对我国的启示如下:一是树立新的发展理念;二是做好国际融资项目的环境影响评价工作;三是完善《环境影响评价法》,增强环境影响评价的独立性和权威性。     

民族村寨旅游开发的政策选择

民族村寨旅游是我国乡村旅游的重要形式。作为一类特殊社区,民族村寨的旅游开发离不开政府的引导和扶持,而合理的政策选择是贯彻科学发展观、充分发挥政府主导作用的前提。本文从民族村寨旅游开发的基本理念和目标出发,结合旅游开发现状与存在的问题,从立法、制度建设、财政刺激、技术支撑、监控评价等方面探讨实现民族村寨旅游合理开发和促进乡村社会和谐发展的政策工具。     

“三农”政策执行中的障碍及克服路径

现阶段我国“三农”政策执行的障碍主要表现在:基层政府执行“三农”政策不力;农民表现被动;所需物质基础不牢固,等等。究其原因,主要在于作为政策执行的主体——基层政府有其内在局限性,农民的素质和组织化程度还不是很高,政策执行所需资源不足,政策执行机制存在弊端等。为此,要选择合适的路径来克服这些障碍性因素。     

SCI与我国科技评价的关系探讨

利用中国科学技术信息研究所出版的中国科技论文统计与分析年度研究报告2003年和2004年度报道的定量数据，对SCI收录论文情况进行比较分析。以具体的数据说明SCI论文在地域、学科和语种中分布极不均衡，如果简单绝对地使用SCI作为我国科技评价的主要指标将有碍于科学技术的发展，对SCI用于科技评价提出了相关建议。     

What work makes policy?

The mainstream policy literature identifies a number of activities as part of ‘policy-making’: ‘policy analysis’, ‘policy advice’, ‘decision-making’, and perhaps also ‘implementation’ and ‘evaluation’. Describing policy in these terms is compatible with the Western cultural account, and these terms tend to be applied to positions, organisational segments and official procedures. But policy practitioners tend to find that on the one hand, their experience of their work bears little resemblance to the assumptions in this policy-making model, and on the other, that policy outcomes seem to reflect much broader processes than the work of specialist functionaries. On closer examination, we find that our thinking about policy activity draws on several distinct and potentially conflicting perspectives, and that what is seen as ‘policy work’ depends on the conceptualisation of the policy process. Framing the question in this way helps to understand the apparent differences between mainstream (American) accounts of policy activity and policy practice in other political systems.     

Investments in Global Warming Mitigation: The Case of “Activities Implemented Jointly”

This paper examines bilateral cooperation between developed countries (home country) and developing countries (host country) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance carbon dioxide sinks. With the home-host country pair as the unit of analysis, our logistic regression model examines 158 Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ) investment projects from 1993 until 2002 across 2541 country-pairs. Because the marginal costs of reducing emissions may be lower in developing countries, the AIJ projects served as a policy laboratory to assess whether such investments might be advantageous to both countries in the event future regimes allowed emission credits from such bilateral projects. Instead of investing in home countries where maximum pollution reductions (or carbon sequestration) might be possible, home countries invest in locations where they can conduct their policy experiments at low transaction costs. Prior trade and aid relationships were used as a proxy. Regarding energy projects, location decisions are driven by home countries’ desire to reduce air pollution that they receive from abroad. Geography – proximity of a host country to a home country – in interaction with host country's coal production, is a very important driver of location decision in AIJ energy sector projects. Location of sequestration projects is impacted by the host country's potential for avoiding deforestation as well as by previous aid and trade patterns between a home and a host country. Proximity is not important in this case.     

加强社会新阶层思想政治工作的政策选择

社会转型时期,我国社会新阶层在思想政治方面出现了许多新问题、新矛盾。我们必须正确认识这些问题,深入分析其原因,有针对性地提出相应的解决办法,做出切合实际的政策选择。     

公共政策过程中的公民参与

公民参与公共政策是实现公民政治权利的过程,公民参与在政策的制定、实施、评估、监督和控制各环节中都可实现。有关公民参与公共政策在质量、成本、秩序、条件等方面存在问题的看法是片面的。     

人类辅助生殖技术的几个法律问题

人工授精、试管婴儿、代孕等人类辅助生殖技术的迅速发展,改变了人们的生育观念,也带来了一系列的法律问题。我国人类辅助生殖技术的立法并不完善,因此,应明确人类辅助生殖技术的生育权主体及人工生育子女的法律地位,以促进人类辅助生殖技术的健康发展。