科技法制体系及其重点领域的构建与完善

科技法制体系是我们防范科技的负面作用,实现科技与人、社会和生态环境协调发展的基本保障。构建和完善我国的科技法制体系应着重从指导原则。法律构架和实施重点几个方面入手,既要重视科技法制体系的整体建设,又要重点加强对信息科技和生物科技等主要科技发展领域的法律构建及法律监控。     

生物识别技术及其应用

目前伴随着信息时代的来临以及人们对个人隐私的广泛注重 ,生物识别技术打破了原先在专用领域的应用 ,开始在民用领域悄然兴起。文章就什么是生物识别技术 ,生物识别技术的应用和发展做了大量、全面、细致的介绍 ,在此基础上 ,重点论述了指纹自动识别技术的基本原理及其研究现状     

Exploring Drivers of Innovative Technology Adoption Intention: The Case of Plug‐In Vehicles

How individuals respond to innovative technologies depends on how motivated they are by an array of internal and external factors and the informational and cost barriers they face. To better understand technology adoption decision making we (i) assess changes in intent to purchase plug‐in vehicles in response to reductions in their price and (ii) identify motivators that incline new car buyers toward plug‐ins under status quo and reduced vehicle cost scenarios. We find that individuals already inclined toward alternative vehicles have a higher interest in plug‐ins under a reduced‐cost scenario than individuals who favor conventional vehicles. We also find that individuals who shift their vehicle preference from conventional gasoline to plug‐in vehicles are motivated by material factors and fears relating to the innovative technology, whereas those shifting preferences between less to more innovative technologies are likely to be motivated by a mix of material and nonmaterial factors.     

De-radicalisation interventions as technologies of the self: a Foucauldian analysis

De-radicalisation has become increasingly prevalent in the UK as a strategy for tackling the threat of religiously inspired violence/extremism. Recent events, such as the tragic murder of Lee Rigby in May 2013, British citizens fighting in Middle Eastern conflicts, and the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham, have rekindled the preoccupation of policymakers with the radicalisation of British Muslims. Indeed, the work of the Prevent strategy in UK counterterrorism post-2011 has primarily been recalibrated towards a greater focus on de-radicalisation interventions, which is perceived by policy-makers to be a more streamlined and effective way of dealing with radicalised/extremist individuals. And, yet, despite the greater attention paid to de-radicalisation, the discourse on de-radicalisation is characterised by the absence of detailed research, little or no empirical evidence for policy development, and confusion surrounding its conceptual framework. This article therefore offers an alternative conceptualisation of de-radicalisation to the one found in the Prevent strategy. Drawing on the works of Foucault, I argue that de-radicalisation is best understood as a “technology of the self”. This article will enumerate the interplay between the three major types of technologies that constitute the technologies of the self: discursive, disciplinary, and confessional technology. It is argued that conceptualising de-radicalisation as a technology of the self allows us to reframe it beyond the narrow confines of counterterrorism policy and places it within wider governmental relations.     

Juvenile Transfers to Adult Court: An Examination of the Long‐Term Outcomes of Transferred and Non‐Transferred Juveniles

Juveniles who are transferred to adult court are more likely to recidivate than non‐transferred juveniles, but limited research has examined how transfer can impact other life outcomes like attending college and employment. To examine this issue, data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997) were analyzed from 1998 to 2011. It was found that court involvement during adolescence does not harm educational attainment. However, prosecution of juveniles in adult court significantly impairs earning potential well into adulthood. The current study provides further evidence of the long‐term harms caused by transfer and demonstrates how transfer further disrupts the desistance process.     

论民国初期“物权契约理论”的发展——以大理院判例中不动产物权变动模式为例

清末时期,法制变革,西方民法学理论被引入并逐步传播开来。至民国初期,民事法律继续沿用前清现行律中的民事有效部分。接受过西方民法学理论教育的大理院推事们在民事审判实践中,运用大陆法系的物权理论审理物权变动案件形成了很多经典判例。这些判例在内容上客观地展现了物权变动模式在民国初期的发展趋向,在一定程度上反映了物权契约理论的发展历程。     

Commercializing biomedical science in a rapidly changing “triple-helix” nexus: The experience of the National University of Singapore

Since the late 1990s, the Singapore government had embarked on a significant push to develop the city-state into a major life-science R&D and industrial cluster in Asia. Although a major focus of this new thrust involves attracting leading life science companies overseas to establish operations in Singapore and developing new public life science research institutions to attract overseas life science research talents (Finegold, Wong, and Cheah (2004)), the local universities are expected to play an important role as well. In particular, the National University of Singapore (NUS), the leading university in Singapore, has also started to pursue major strategic change to become more “entrepreneurial”, and identified life science as a major focus for technology commercialization as well. Adapting the “Triple-Helix” framework of Etzkowitz, Webster, Gebhardt, & Terra (2000), this paper examines the significant changes in the university-government-industry “Triple-Helix” nexus for life science in Singapore, and their consequent impact on life science commercialization at NUS. Implications for universities in other late-comer countries seeking to catch up in the global biotech race are discussed.      

借助三色空间增强图像中指纹反差

如何部分地增强图像反差是刑事技术工作中最常遇到的难题之一。借助数字图像处理技术,可以根据像素值差异从原始图像提取感兴趣部分信息。本文讨论了这种基于像素值差异进行指纹背景分离的方法,可为指纹识别提供便利。     

Water crises: political construction or physical reality?

Various definitions of water crises emerge from epistemic communities deploying a great disparity of methodologies and fundamental hypotheses. Scientists' perceptions of which power structures legitimately carry out water management affect their definition of a crisis, their capacity to ask questions and the manner they formulate them. This determines the stakes and the actors they can observe or the scale of analysis they find relevant. This leads some to recommend a ‘solution’ that appears to be a disaster to others. This article examines how three epistemic communities have each built their science by promoting very specific understandings of what is a water crisis. Proponents of the ‘global water crisis’ spawned Integrated Water Resources Management while proponents of the ‘municipal water crisis’ locked the perception of water equity within the Millennium Development Goals. Researchers on small-scale irrigation and property regimes have often disagreed with such recommendations, often presented as inevitable.     

论分期付款买卖中的标的物所有权移转

分期付款买卖系特种买卖之一。出卖人移转标的物所有权系其应当履行的基本义务。学界对于分期付款买卖中标的物所有权移转的时间各有不同的观点。本文认为,在分期付款买卖中,除法律另有规定或当事人另有约定外,自出卖人将标的物交付买受人时标的物所有权移转。给付行为本身当然是履行买卖合同的行为,只是该行为同时又属于一个包含物权变动合意的物权行为,而同一行为具有物权效力与债权效力双重效果是正常的法律现象。