How Do We Judge Policies?

Political science has paid scant attention to the way that citizens judge public policy, assuming that citizens do so, or should do so, in ways familiar to academics themselves, depending upon which of the various schools of thought they endorse. This paper argues that approaching citizens’ judgement realistically requires attention to political psychology. Indeed, our conception of citizen judgement can be enriched by attention to research and theory in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. That work emphasises that much judgement occurs spontaneously and very rapidly, that it is involuntary and non‐semantic and that it depends upon the emotional impact of experience rather than conscious weighing of situations against explicit standards of assessment such as science, self‐interest or moral theory. A moral psychology for public life is sketched out, with implications for judgment by politicians.     

劳动教养处遇的合理性及其实现

劳动教养处遇自创立到现在经历了不同政治、经济形势的洗礼.在新形势下,重新审视劳动教养处遇的合理性,从理性角度出发,站在完善法律规定的角度正视问题,从公安机关提起到劳教所的执行,劳动教养与公安机关、检察机关、法院、劳教所等相关部门的职责定位、程序规范等方面寻找问题的原因,对劳动教养处遇的实现具有重要意义.     

外交政策中的非物质诉求——国家声誉研究

国家声誉属于外交政策中的非物质性诉求当中一个重要因素。本文主要围绕国家声誉的本体实在、认识层次、前提假设以及作用条件展开论述。本文首先阐明国家声誉的理性基础是知识理性,然后对国家声誉因素展开本体论、认识论的分析,并指出声誉因素起作用的边界条件。文章最后就国家声誉在实践中的运用做了案例分析。     

The Politics of Poverty Mis-targeting in China

Based upon a county level analysis, this article explores the complex processes of poverty mis-targeting in China and supplements the pre-existing literature with a bottom-up analysis. It argues that the rational calculations of key county leaders, shaped by a combination of formal and informal institutions, determine whether a county, irrespective of poverty level, competes for the title of “state-designated poorest county (SDPC).” This article also demonstrates that the interaction between formal and informal institutions is dynamic and subject to change. For future relevant research, this article suggests to analyze the practice of poverty reduction in a disaggregated manner by examining the interplay within and among different levels of government. Juan Wang, a Ph.D candidate in political science at Johns Hopkins University, is the author of “Going beyond Township and Village Enterprises,” Journal of Contemporary China, Issue 14, Volume 42, (February 2005), pp.171–181. The author is particularly grateful to Kellee Tsai for her valuable suggestions and support throughout this project. I am indebted to William Rowe, Mark Blyth, Wang Sangui and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. The Institute of Global Studies (IGS) of Johns Hopkins University receives my gratitude for its financial support of this project.     

A comparison of the use of visible microspectrometry and high performance thin layer chromatography for the discrimination of aqueous inks used in porous tip and roller ball pens

Ink lines made by porous tip and roller ball pens have been examined by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and by transmission microspectrophotometry (VM) in the visible region. Better discrimination between apparently similar coloured inks was obtained with HPTLC but VM has value as an additional technique for ink examination.     

工具理性 实现机制 制度创新——关于“三个代表”与制度创新的理论思考

实践"三个代的关键是建立严密的保证"三个代表"实现的政治制度系统.执政党的政治行为是一种为社会服务的公共北产品,这种公共产品的质量,不仅需要主观的设计,更重要的是要靠现实具体的政治机制决定的.保持政党宗旨与制度设置的内在一致性,是执政宗旨实现的保证.当领导者们实践"三个代表"不再仅仅是一种道德自律行为,而且是一种制度机制的逻辑行为时,它才有可能成为一种可靠而稳定的政治常态.     

技术侦查的法律规制

技术侦查是现代科学技术与侦查高度结合的产物，从犯罪侦查的发展趋势看，技术侦查是非常值得研究的具有重大理论意义和实践意义的课题。技术侦查法制化具有现实合理性。但由于人们认识上的误区以及制度上的缺陷，始终没有赋予这种手段公正、合法的地位。应该通过立法确认将技术侦查上升为一种重要的侦查方法，在刑事诉讼法中引入技术侦查的概念并进行全面的规范，注意把握程序正当性原则，兼顾打击犯罪与保护人权的双重功能，构建规范的技术侦查实施体系。     

抉择于形式合理性与实质合理性的法律解释——源于对“法官经商案 ”的再思

在“法官经商协议有效案”中，法官认为被告所签经商协议之效力不因违反法官不得经商之法律规定而无效，其中所隐含的法律解释逻辑及深层理论基石是形式合理性与实质合理性之间的博弈——兼顾法律规定字面含义而符合法律体系划分所体现的法治精神的温和的实质合理性。从法经济学的角度观之，此种解释的当代合理性在于实现了效益最大化。     

多元价值背景下价值教育的挑战及其转向

当多元价值成为社会存在的一个不争事实时,一元价值社会中价值教育存在的合理性理据就丧失了。30年来,我国社会价值模式的转变也必然导致了对灌输式价值教育模式的否定,然而在转变后的多元价值社会中,价值教育不可能支持价值中立和完全宽容的立场。因此,多元价值背景下,价值教育需要向培育价值理性和捍卫客观的价值秩序,以及促进价值分享和价值对话方向转变。这不但是捍卫价值教育自身的需要,同时也是捍卫多元价值社会存在的需要。     

合理性与合目的性：社会主义核心价值体系价值生成的始点

任何价值活动都要遵循一定的逻辑规则。在价值活动运行轨迹中，价值活动的任何结果都是价值活动逻辑始点的一种规律性的延伸。探求价值生成的逻辑始点对认识价值运动规律以及促进价值实现有着重要的意义。社会主义核心价值体系价值生成既是基于价值合理性上的科学活动，又是基于价值合目的性上的意义活动。从价值生成的源泉上讲，把价值合理性与合目的性的统一作为价值活动的逻辑起点，是社会主义核心价值体系成为中国主流意识形态本质表征的核心缘由。