检察理论研究之反思

检察理论研究在取得一定成果的同时,也存在着不少问题,如较强的部门化倾向、意识形态化话语较多、研究范式以证成性为主等。表面繁荣的背后暴露出学术评价量化机制的某些弊端。应以开放的姿态建构独立自主的检察理论研究体系,把握好历史与逻辑的辩证统一。     

Methods used in microbial forensics and epidemiological investigations for stronger health systems

This review discusses microbial forensics as an emerging science that finds application in protecting human health. It is important to distinguish naturally acquired infections from those caused by the intentional release of microorganisms to the environment. This information is crucial in formulating procedures against the spread of infectious diseases and prosecuting persons who may be involved in acts of biocrime, bioterrorism, or biowarfare. A comparison between epidemiological investigations and microbial forensic investigations is provided. In addition, a discussion on how microbial forensics strengthens health systems is included in this review. Microbial forensic investigations and epidemiologic examinations employ similar concepts and involve identifying and characterising the microbe of interest. Both fields require formulating an appropriate case definition, determining a pathogen’s mode of transmission, and identifying the source(s) of infection. However, the two subdisciplines differ in their objectives. An epidemiological investigation aims to identify the pathogen’s source to prevent the spread of the disease. Microbial forensics focuses on source-tracking to facilitate the prosecution of persons responsible for the spread of a pathogen. Both fields use molecular techniques in analysing and comparing DNA, gene products, and biomolecules to identify and characterise the microorganisms of interest. We included case studies to show methods used in microbial forensic investigations, a brief discussion of the public significance of microbial forensic systems, and a roadmap for establishing a system at a national level. This system is expected to strengthen a country’s capacity to respond to public health emergencies. Several factors must be considered in establishing national microbial forensic systems. First is the inherent ubiquity, diversity, and adaptability of microorganisms that warrants the use of robust and accurate molecular typing systems. Second, the availability of facilities and scientists who have been trained in epidemiology, molecular biology, bioinformatics, and data analytics. Human resources and infrastructure are critical requirements because formulating strategies and allocating resources in times of infectious disease outbreaks must be data-driven. Establishing and maintaining a national microbial forensic system to strengthen capacities in conducting forensic and epidemiological investigations should be prioritised by all countries, accompanied by a national policy that sets the legislative framework and provides for the system’s financial requirements.     

How domestic contexts shape international private governance: The case of the European Accord and American Alliance in Bangladesh

The international nature of supply chains has led to the rise of private authority in regulating the environmental and social impacts of production, which companies frequently address through corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the form of private governance (PG). Despite its claim to establish “global” rules, PG usually has national origins, and multiple efforts to address the same issue from different national perspectives frequently coexist. Numerous studies have explored the impact of national business systems on companies' domestic CSR practices, yet little is known about what factors shape CSR practices like PG internationally. Therefore, this study seeks to understand how differing domestic contexts shape approaches to CSR in the form of PG in host countries. I explore this empirically through the comparative case study of competing PG initiatives in the post-Rana Plaza Bangladesh garment industry, uniquely conceived to govern companies' practices rather than certify products. It combines empirical findings with the comparative CSR literature to hypothesize about ideal types of PG organizing in US and European contexts. It extends the analysis to also account for other influential factors, such as stakeholder pressure, thus demonstrating how institutional and agentic factors amalgamate to shape firms' choices. By explicating linkages between international PG and its domestic context, as well as between the comparative CSR and PG literature studies, this study extends our understanding of how and why international PG practices and preferences vary for firms originating from different environments.     

秉承两个理念 发挥三个作用

在天津社会科学院这一高学历、高职称学者居多的学术机构中,工会工作要明确＂以科研为中心,服务全院工作大局,维护职工合法权益,推进和谐社科院建设＂的思路,秉承＂以人为本,情理并重＂和＂尊重差异,和谐包容＂的理念,坚持发挥好其＂桥梁、引导、助手作用＂。     

工业技术革命背景下世界幼儿教育的发展历程

以社会生产力的发展水平为参照系,本将世界幼儿教育的发展划分为与社会生产力的发展相对应的三个历史阶段,即与以使用蒸汽机为标志的第一次工业技术革命相联系的初创阶段,与以使用电机为标志的第二次工业技术革命相联系的确立阶段,与以信息革命为标志的第三次工业技术革命相联系的进一步发展阶段,从而对世界的幼儿教育的发展历程进行一次系统的梳理。     

马克思社会有机体理论的系统方法论与构建和谐社会之系统工程

马克思社会有机体理论的根本方法论是"新唯物主义"辩证法,但在层次方法论中,系统方法论表现得最为充分。构建和谐社会是一项复杂的系统工程,马克思社会有机体理论的系统方法论是指导和谐社会建设的基础方法。     

《环境保护法》修改中若干基本问题的定位

我国现行《环境保护法》已实施18年,其立法理念和价值取向已明显落后于当今生态建设和环境保护实践。在《环境保护法》修改过程中,应当对立法目的、立法模式、制度体系等基本问题重新进行定位,使修改后的《环境保护法》符合我国生态建设和环境保护的社会实际,顺应环境法发展的国际趋势。     

领导干部提高“政治三力”的基本动因、内在逻辑和实践路径

"政治三力"包括政治判断力、政治领悟力和政治执行力。新时代领导干部提高"政治三力"是马克思主义政党政治理论发展的呼唤,是深刻总结中国共产党百年政治建设历史经验的结果,是中国共产党加强政治建设的现实需要。"政治三力"是一个具有严密内在逻辑的统一整体,政治判断力是领导干部提高"政治三力"的基本前提,政治领悟力是关键枢纽,政治执行力是最终归宿。新时代领导干部要坚持旗帜鲜明讲政治这个基本前提,抓好加强党性修养和净化党内政治生态两项重点工作,找准研判和决断、理解和把握、贯彻和落实三个关键着力点,不断提高"政治三力",从容应对各种政治风险和考验,在政治上做到坚定而成熟。     

论中国特色社会主义实践中的三大矛盾及其化解

当代中国的社会主义实践必须辨识并处理好三对内在矛盾,即社会主义理想价值与现存社会现实的矛盾,民族国家奋斗目标与人类社会历史普遍进程的矛盾,一国社会主义与资本主义世界体系的矛盾。解决这三对矛盾是中国特色社会主义理论的使命,中国特色社会主义的实践应致力于推进社会主义理想的现实呈现,更好利用资本主义而不是被其同化,努力开辟出具有世界意义的社会主义道路。     

论毛泽东对中国社会主义建设道路的三次探索

1956年至1966年“文化大革命”爆发这十年,毛泽东为了摆脱苏联模式,从中国实际出发,找到一条适合中国国情的社会主义建设道路,进行了三次大的探索.三次探索“三起三落”,有得有失,给后人提供了宝贵的经验教训,也留下了启迪与思考.