县域社会违建执法的组织形态与治理绩效辨析

县域社会违建执法需要一定的组织载体,但在不同农村类型中,体制层面执法资源配置不均和社会层面违建个体情境差异共同塑造了不同类型的政府执法组织,并产生不同治理绩效。在城中村,正式化执法组织具备常规执法权且执法密度大,虽能够强化执法效果,但在执法过程中始终存在政府与征拆居民的利益博弈;在城郊村,正式化与半正式化相结合的执法组织有助于强化政府执法力量和权威,但受信息制约和人情关系影响容易产生灰色利益空间,进而侵蚀执法目标;在远郊村,半正式化执法组织本身没有专业执法权,政府常在一定时期内通过组织动员手段来补强执法力量,但执法绩效具有不稳定性。三类农村违建执法组织的治理绩效差异,反映出国家法律在县域城乡社会落地的非均质性。     

Quantitative Assessment of the Sternal Rib End Morphology and Implications for Its Application in Aging Human Remains

Intercostal and age differences in the sternal rib end morphology of documented female skeletons from Spitalfields and St. Bride's are examined. The morphology was captured using three‐dimensional morphometrics and the statistical analyses employed included parametric and nonparametric MANOVA, discriminant analysis, and multilinear regressions. It was found that the quantified morphology of the sternal rib end was statistically significantly different between rib four and all other ribs except for the third one and that the morphological characteristics of all ribs varied with age. However, due to the inherent variability in sternal rib end morphology, nonstatistically significant results were obtained among the various age groups and neither disciminant nor multilinear regression analysis could be used for the estimation of the age of an individual based on digitized coordinates of the sternal rib end of individuals of known age, raising some concern as to the rigorousness of the fourth rib aging method.     

In Vivo Facial Tissue Depth for Canadian Aboriginal Children: A Case Study from Nova Scotia,Canada

This study examines facial tissue depth in Canadian Aboriginal children. Using ultrasound, measurements were taken at 19 points on the faces of 392 individuals aged 3–18 years old. The relationships between tissue thickness, age, and sex were investigated. A positive linear trend may exist between tissue thickness and age for Aboriginal females and males at multiple points. No points show significant differences in facial tissue depth between males and females aged 3–8 years old; seven points show significant differences in facial tissue depth between males and females aged 9–13 years old; and five points show significant differences in facial tissue depth between males and females aged 14–18 years old. Comparisons were made with White Americans and African Nova Scotians. These data can assist in 3‐D facial reconstructions and aid in establishing an individual's identity. Previously, no data existed for facial tissue thickness in Canadian Aboriginal populations.     

α-纤维蛋白原基因多态性与肺动脉栓塞相关性初探

目的探讨α-纤维蛋白原Thr312Ala基因的多态性分布与肺动脉栓塞的相关性。方法选取尸检已确诊的肺动脉栓塞病例的甲醛固定心肌组织14例和正常健康人群外周血56例,采用改良酚-氯仿法和Chelex100法分别提取心肌组织和外周静脉血基因组DNA,用PCR-RFLP法检测α-纤维蛋白原基因Thr312Ala多态性,并分析其与肺动脉栓塞的关联性。结果α-纤维蛋白原Thr312Ala基因的各基因型在肺动脉栓塞组与对照组比较差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;各等位基因在两组间比较差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;A等位基因与PE呈负相关（RR=0.475,P〈0.05）;G等位基因与PE呈正相关（RR=5.818,P〈0.05）。结论α-纤维蛋白原基因Thr312Ala位点G等位基因与肺动脉栓塞有正关联,肺动脉栓塞死亡者中GA、GG基因型分布频率较高,本文数据可为相关研究提供参考。     

签名笔迹的形态学检验探析

签名笔迹的检验字迹数量少,检验难度大,在传统比对特征的种类上深入挖掘、拓展更多的检验手段很有必要。借鉴动用生物学上形态学的观察方法,有助于文检技术的提高和发展。     

Using Frons Width to Differentiate Blow Fly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Phormia regina (Meigen) and Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy)

Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are morphologically similar blow fly species commonly used for estimating postmortem intervals. Field collection and storage of adults can result in color changes, in particular on calypters and palps; often collected specimens show damage such as wing fray or fungal growth. We measured the frons width: total head width ratio using photographs (ImageJ version 1.49) to differentiate these two species. Both sexes were distinguishable to species, with the greatest difference between males: 12.34% P. terraenovae versus 1.62% P. regina, less so for females: 40.25% P. terraenovae, versus 33.65% P. regina. Incorporating this feature into future blow fly keys would help with distinguishing field‐caught specimens when other features are obstructed.     

原发性脑干损伤出血形态及分布特征分析

目的观察分析原发性脑干损伤出血灶的形态及分布特征,为法医学鉴定提供依据。方法选取34例原发性脑干损伤出血案例,常规制作病理切片,采用HE染色观察出血灶的形态及位置分布特征,并统计两者之间关系。结果原发性脑干损伤出血形态以裂隙样出血多见（61．6％）。出血灶位置分布组间比较显示,不同纤维走行和组织密度交界处、动脉周围、神经根等处以裂隙样出血多见（P〈0．005）;室管膜下主要表现为灶性出血（P〈0．001）;神经核团内出血较少,且裂隙样出血、灶性出血比例较为接近。结论不同纤维走行和组织密度交界处、动脉周围、神经根处的裂隙样出血是原发性脑干损伤的直接依据;神经核团内出血具有重要的法医学价值。     

Distribution of Venlafaxine,O‐desmethylvenlafaxine,and O‐desmethylvenlafaxine to Venlafaxine Ratio in Postmortem Human Brain Tissue

Venlafaxine (VEN) and its metabolite O‐desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. This study examines whether VEN is differentially distributed in postmortem brain and examines relationships between brain and femoral blood concentrations from donors prescribed VEN for treatment of depression. Using high‐pressure liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection, VEN and ODV concentrations were measured in temporal, occipital, and cerebellar cortex of six postmortem brains. The ODV/VEN ratio was calculated as a relative measure of drug metabolism within each region where higher ratios indicated a greater conversion of VEN to ODV. Compared to the other regions examined, the cerebellum showed decreased VEN (p = 0.056), ODV (p = 0.006), and ODV/VEN (p = 0.027) ratios. In parts per million, VEN was higher in temporal and occipital cortex, but not cerebellum, as compared to femoral blood concentration. These observations suggest that VEN and ODV are differentially distributed in the brain, and metabolism of VEN to ODV may vary across brain regions.     

多民族混居村落中的公共空间——以会同高椅村为例

基于空间公共性的研究,村落的公共空间可以分为"显性"与"隐性"两种类型。这两种公共空间之间相互关联,相互转换。在不同的环境,这两类公共空间会以不同的方式影响村落的形态演化。本研究以湖南会同高椅村为例,分析多民族混居村落中"显性"与"隐性"公共空间的构成与演变,分析了它们与社会人文因素、自然地理条件的相关性,并研究了村落公共空间在民族融合中所起到的作用。     

环丙沙星在霉形体性肺炎猪体内的组织药代动力学研究

将21头健康杜洛克×长白×大白杂交猪复制成霉形体性肺炎模型后,分别肌肉注射环丙沙星(5.0 mg/kg)进行组织及血浆药代动力学研究。结果显示,环丙沙星在感染猪肺中的浓度-时间数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型,外观正常肺与外观实变肺的主要参数分别是:t1/2Ka为0.19和0.46 h,t1/2α为2.68和2.52 h,t1/2β为8.12和6.87 h,tmax为1.10和1.47 h,Cmax为6.00和4.46μg/g,AUC为38.65和33.33mg/(L.h),Tcp(ther)为57.10和50.59 h。气管、支气管组织中的药物浓度-时间数据适合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要参数分别是:t1/2Ka为0.56和0.38 h,t1/2ke为5.68和5.67 h,tmax为2.08和1.60 h,Cmax为3.73和2.62μg/g,AUC为39.44和26.10 mg/(L.h),Tcp(ther)为50.60和47.16 h。表明,环丙沙星对霉形体性肺炎猪呼吸道组织具有良好的穿透性,组织药物浓度明显高于血浆药物浓度,且消除缓慢。