大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠对非透析慢性肾病湿热证患者血清结缔组织生长因子及肝细胞生长因子的影响

目的观察非透析慢性肾病湿热证患者血清结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)和肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)水平及大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠对其干预作用。方法将63例非透析慢性肾病3~4期湿热证患者随机分为治疗组32例和对照组31例,并设正常组20例。治疗组和对照组均给予基础治疗,治疗组加用大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠,每日1次,疗程8周。观察两组临床疗效、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr),以及治疗前后血清CTGF、HGF,并与正常组进行比较。结果治疗组临床疗效和中医证候疗效均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后治疗组BUN较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),SCr呈降低趋势(P0.05);对照组治疗后BUN较治疗前呈降低趋势(P0.05),SCr较治疗前显著升高(P0.05)。治疗组和对照组治疗前CTGF、HGF水平显著高于正常组(P0.05);治疗后治疗组和对照组血清CTGF、HGF水平均显著降低(P0.05);治疗组治疗后HGF和CTGF下降值大于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠改善非透析慢性肾病湿热证患者的机制与降低血清CTGF、HGF水平有关。     

芙蓉膏对家兔皮肤软组织感染的抑菌抗炎作用

目的 研究芙蓉膏外敷对家兔体表软组织感染的抑菌抗炎作用。方法 采用纸片琼脂扩散法进行抑菌实验,比较芙蓉膏粉剂溶液、复方黄柏涂剂和青霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌菌株的生长抑制作用。选用50只新西兰家兔进行抗炎实验,将其随机分为正常组,模型组,莫匹罗星组,芙蓉膏低、高剂量组,每组10只。模型复制成功后进行药物干预,光学显微镜下观察组织病理改变;分别于第2、4、7天给药后8 h检测外周血白细胞（white blood cell, WBC）、中性粒细胞（neutrophils, NE）数量,超敏C反应蛋白（high sensitive C-reactive protein, hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6, IL-6）水平。结果 芙蓉膏粉剂溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌作用（抑菌环直径为2.5 mm）。光学显微镜下可见低、高剂量芙蓉膏均可减少兔后背软组织感染区的炎症细胞浸润,以高剂量芙蓉膏的作用为优。模型复制后2、4、7 d,莫匹罗星组,芙蓉膏低、高剂量组全血WBC、NE计数,血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均较模型组明显下降（P＜0.05）或呈降低趋势（P＞0.05）;芙蓉膏降低全血WBC计数的作用具有明显的剂量依赖性（P＜0.05）。结论 芙蓉膏对金黄色葡萄球菌生长有抑制作用,高剂量芙蓉膏可减轻软组织感染模型兔的炎症反应,促进创面修复。     

The Microbiome Forensics Database UZH

Microbial communities in biological stains can provide valuable information to assist forensic scientists identify the body fluid/tissue present in these. As these microbial communities are characteristic of body habitats, DNA sequencing of microbes can be used to predict bodily origin. Promising predictive results have been obtained with supervised machine learning algorithms trained on bacterial abundance data from human body sites. Importantly, prediction accuracy is dependent on the training dataset, yet compiling a large and comprehensive training reference is a non-trivial issue requiring substantial efforts. Here we present a new online database and associated data-mining platform which is, to our knowledge, the first one customised for forensic scientists investigating body fluids/tissues. Our database features samples originating from ten human body sites, with selection options through an online platform. Users can download bacterial abundance as well as taxonomic data, which can then be used to train predictive models and test their accuracy. Future stages of the development of the platform will include curation of the samples to decrease potential errors in sample labelling, as well as access to an online tool to conduct exploratory analyses.     

Gunshot residues on dry bone after decomposition-a pilot study

Abstract: Very little literature exists concerning radiochemical and microscopic analyses of gunshot wounds in decomposed material, and even less concerning skeletonized samples; the most advanced technologies may provide useful indications for the diagnosis of suspect lesions, especially if gunshot wounds are no longer recognizable. However, we know very little of the survival of gunshot residues (GSR) in skeletonized samples. This study examined nine gunshot wounds produced on pig heads which then underwent skeletonization for 4 years, and four gunshot entries on human heads from judicial cases which were then macerated to the bone in water; the samples underwent scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) analysis. Positive results for GSR were observed only in four of the nine animal samples and in all four human samples. Among the human samples, two lesions showed Pb and Sb, one lesion only Pb, and one Pb, Sb, and Ba. This pilot study showed the survival of GSR in skeletal material and therefore the crucial importance of SEM‐EDX analyses on skeletonized material. Further studies are needed in order to ascertain the role of environmental modifications of GSR.     

组织RNA检测用于死亡时间推断的研究进展

近几年来利用RNA的降解程度来推断死亡时间已逐渐成为法医学研究热点.本文复习相关研究文献,对大鼠不同组织(脑组织、心脏组织、肝脏组织和肾组织等)中RNA在推断死亡时间的具体应用方法做出总结,归纳出不同组织中的各类RNA在推断死亡时间方面的适用范围,以及对此种方法在推断死亡时间的过程中产生的问题及可行性的解决方法.     

Facial Soft Tissue Thickness Database for Craniofacial Reconstruction in Korean Adults

Abstract: One hundred Korean adults (50 men, 50 women) were scanned in the upright position using a cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scanner. The soft tissue (ST) thicknesses were measured at 31 landmarks, 10 midline and 21 bilateral landmark sites, and the means and standard deviations were obtained for male and female subjects. While 18 of 31 landmarks showed sex differences, the majority showed higher values for male subjects with the exception of a few landmark sites corresponding to the zygoma area, which showed smaller values in men than in women. The mandibular area showed greater differences between the right and left sides. Overall, the ST thickness measurements obtained in this study can be used as a database for the forensic craniofacial reconstruction of Korean adult faces.     

冠心病猝死冠脉斑块组成成分的病理形态学改变

目的探讨冠心病猝死(SCD)组和对照组冠脉粥样硬化斑块纤维帽厚度和脂质核心百分比的差异。方法随机挑选病例及心脏标本共64例,分为SCD组和对照组。在冠脉粥样硬化最严重的部位取材,制片,并行HE染色,显微镜观察冠脉的病理变化和斑块的组成,采用图像分析系统对冠脉斑块纤维帽厚度和脂质核心与整个斑块的百分比进行定量分析,所得数据用SPSS11.5统计软件进行数据分析。结果SCD组中,冠脉粥样硬化病变Ⅳ级21例,Ⅲ级15例,对照组中冠脉粥样硬化病变Ⅳ级12例,Ⅲ级16例,两组在病变的严重程度上未见显著性差异(P>0.05);两组冠脉粥样硬化斑块纤维帽的厚度和脂质核心百分比均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论SCD组与对照组在冠脉粥样斑块的纤维帽厚度和脂质核心百分比大小等两方面均存在显著性差异;对SCD的病理诊断和法医学鉴定都具有重要意义。     

MALDI-TOF-IMS在蛋白质组学研究中的新进展

基质辅助激光解吸/电离-飞行时间质谱成像(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-IMS)技术已成为目前蛋白质组学研究中的经典技术,是一种研究生物组织切片中蛋白质和小分子物质分布的工具。MALDI-TOF-IMS通过单次扫描就能够同时分析生物组织切片中的各种未知组分,在保持组织中细胞和分子完整性的同时获取组织的分子成像图。近年来,质谱成像技术在生物医学各领域中有了较快发展,本文综合文献资料对MALDI-TOF-IMS技术目前的发展水平、质谱成像原理、方法学以及在法医病理学中的应用前景进行了综述。     

用Oasis^TM固相柱研究检测腐败生物组织中的吗啡

目的建立一种适合大批量腐败生物检材的标准化分析测定方法。方法应用新型亲水亲酯的OasisTM固相柱,并使用Zymark全自动固相萃取仪,对腐败生物组织中的吗啡进行检测。结果与传统的C18固相柱相比较,OasisTM固相柱具有选择范围广、吸附能力强的特点,其方法操作简单、快速、重现性好及回收率高。结论该方法可应用于案件的检测工作。     

法律英语的词法特点

英语的词法主要研究词的形态变化及其在句中的作用。法律英语在词法各方面均有其特殊性,尤其是在形容词、副词、代词、时态的用法上更是如此。对它们的研究将有助于我们对法律英语的正确理解。