现代产业组织理论中的企业与市场观及其启示

20世纪 8 0年代以来在西方出现的新产业组织理论给整个西方经济学带来了巨大的影响和冲击。贯穿于新产业组织理论中的现代企业观和市场观是其整个学说的核心 ,同时也是某些前沿经济理论得以衍生的重要基础。学习和了解该理论关于企业和市场的论述 ,不仅使我们能够洞悉西方经济理论发展的最新进程和方向 ,而且有助于我们用客观、发展的眼光来看待当代西方经济理论 ,并能够更好地从中汲取有用的东西 ,服务于我国现实经济活动。     

证券内幕交易罪的司法认定与处理

证券内幕交易行为的表现形式比较复杂,在司法实践中存在认定与处理的困难。如何合理的确定本罪,直接影响着司法公正。应依据刑法的基本理论,分别从罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪、罪数形态以及本罪的共犯形态等不同方面分析本罪的司法认定与处理。     

抵押物转让价金物上代位性研究

传统民法上 ,抵押人处分权制度设计的目的在于充分发挥抵押物的使用价值 ,使抵押物物尽其用 ,并实现抵押物交易价值的最大化。抵押权的追及力与抵押物出卖价金的物上代位性作为抵押权人享有的权利 ,目的在于为抵押债权提供信用担保 ,保护抵押债权的安全、实现资金的融通。现行制度体系对抵押权人的利益保护过甚 ,而对于抵押人与买受人的保护相对薄弱 ,导致平等的权利人之间利益失衡。我国担保法应当引入权利衡平机制 ,赋予买受人以物上代位权 ,谋求各权利人之间的利益平衡 ,保障交易安全实现抵押物使用价值及交易价值的最大化     

On the enforcement of specific performance in Civil Law countries

Proponents of specific performance as a remedy for breach of contract have found support in the alleged use of the remedy in Civil Law countries. However, we provide evidence that specific performance is in fact a rare remedy in Denmark, Germany and France, and under CISG, when performance requires actions to be undertaken, and we relate this to costs of enforcement. We argue that it is administratively costly to run a system of enforcement that renders specific performance attractive to the aggrieved party, and that the Civil Law countries have (like Common Law countries) chosen not to incur these costs of enforcement. This is especially clear in the case of Denmark, where specific performance of actions has been abandoned as a legal remedy.At the normative level, we argue that enforcement costs provides an additional rationale, over and above the rationales of the theory of efficient breach, for damages and against specific performance as the general remedy.     

情势变更原则抑或其它——再论“韩国KIKO外汇期权交易合约案”的法律适用

不论是套期保值还是投机套利,金融衍生品交易的对象本质上就是市场上的风险,而这种作为交易对象的市场风险就是当事人赖以订约的“情势”。金融衍生品交易之所以具有射幸性,就是因为这种风险或者“情势”导致交易合同法律效果的不确定,因此,金融衍生品合约的射幸性与“情势变更”具有内在的统一性。既然法律肯定了其射幸性,也就等于认可了交易中的“情势变更”,因此,在金融衍生品交易案件中,应该严格限制情势变更原则的适用。“韩国KIKO外汇期权交易合约案”应在公平、诚信等宏观原则的指导下,多从交易商的适当性义务、信义义务以及注意义务等法律原理入手寻找解决该类案件的法律依据。     

Economy

正RMB 2nd-most Used Trade-Finance Currency Latest statistics from global transaction services organization SWIFT(the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications)show that in October 2013,China’s Renminbi(RMB)overtook the euro to become the second-most used currency in world trade finance.According to SWIFT,the RMB usage rate in trade     

Innovation Through Collaboration

正I am not an expat,but I come to China so of ten I feel like one.My mission is to build UK Chinese links in innovation.It is recognized that innovation flowers at the intersection of cultures either in time or space.For me the differences in culture be tween Europe and China are amazing and cover     

Rising start-up costs of voting: political inequality among first-time voters

Abstract

Research on voting behaviour stresses that whether citizens become habitual voters depends on the very first elections in their adult life. This article focuses on the increasing participation gap of first-time voters with low and high levels of resources. Looking first at 14 European countries and second at long-term dynamics in Germany, the turnout rate of first-time and older voters over time is compared. It is shown that the turnout gap has increased substantially since the 1980s. In contrast, educational differences in electoral turnout among older citizens are still comparatively small. It is argued and shown that the turnout gap among the young is due to rising ‘start-up’ costs of voting, which affect mainly those who are resource poor.     

Satisfaction,Alternatives, Investments,and the Microfoundations of Audience Cost Models

In this paper, we suggest that the Investment Model of Commitment, developed in social psychology, offers a solution to an important microfoundational issue in audience cost theory. Audience cost models are useful for thinking about the foreign policy behaviors of democratic and nondemocratic states. However, they often assume that citizens reliably penalize leaders who break their foreign policy promises even though the empirical record suggests this is not always the case. We argue that public commitment to foreign policy assets and relationships is a precondition for the application of audience costs. Using the UN and NATO as case studies, we hypothesize that the commitments people develop to international organizations emerge as a function of (1) their satisfaction with the performance of the organization, (2) the investments in those organizations, and (3) an assessment of the alternatives to these associations. Correlational and experimental tests of the model confirm that the strongest individual-level commitments arise when people are highly satisfied with the performance of specific institutions, believe that much has been invested in support of them, and perceive that the alternatives to particular institutions are poor. Implications for the development of audience cost theory are discussed.     

论影响力交易罪

影响力交易罪 ,是《联合国反腐败公约》规定的一类新型犯罪。影响力交易罪的内涵 ,可以从交易的影响力、交易的主体、交易物和交易行为四个方面进行解读。在外延上 ,影响力交易罪与我国刑法中的受贿、行贿等罪有一定重合。我国刑法应当移植影响力交易罪的概念。