外汇按金交易中介行为入罪化研究——以非法经营罪为视角

外汇按金交易违反的规定不属于非法经营罪中"违反国家规定"的范围,且其中的中介行为不属于非法经营行为,而只是一种帮助行为。这种帮助行为依据刑法规定和共犯从属性认定其是犯罪存在阻碍,其本身属性及刑法谦抑性决定了刑法对外汇按金交易中介行为介入没有必要。     

A farm‐sizewise analysis of irrigation distribution in India

This article analyses and describes the relationship between the size of operational holding on the one hand and various irrigation and irrigation‐related variables, on the hand, using cross‐section regression analysis of farm‐sizewise/statewise Indian data. The overall conclusion that emerges from the analysis is that irrigation development in India as a whole seems to be such that its propagation and diffusion among agricultural households seems to be somewhat in favour of larger farms. Even though the government predominantly controls the development and distribution of flow‐sources of irrigation, especially of canal irrigation, it does not seem to have produced any significant positive impact on reducing the level of inequity involved in the distribution of irrigation across farm‐size groups.     

城镇化进程中的集体建设用地使用权流转法律问题研究

该文采用现象溯因法,综合分析法、文献资料法、法理分析法等研究方法,力图解决工业化、城镇化用地缺口,推进集体建设用地流转向深度和广度发展问题。在此基础上该文提出,实现建设用地流转的市场化、规范化,应当加大农村土地整治力度、扩大流转范围、确立流转过程中农民主体地位、完善流转交易模式和流转利益分配机制。     

Market and institutional determinants in the regulation of conveyancers

Demand for law professionals in the conveyancing of property is decreasing because of market and institutional changes. On the market side, many transactions feature large, well-known parties and standardized transactions, which make professionals less effective or necessary for protecting the parties to private contracts. On the institutional side, public titling makes it possible to dispense with a broadening set of their former functions. Recording of deeds made professionals redundant as depositories of deeds and reduced demand for them to design title guarantees. Effective registration of rights increasingly substitutes professionals for detecting title conflicts with third parties and gathering their consent. Market changes undermine the information asymmetry rationale for regulating conveyancing, while institutional changes facilitate liberalizing not only conduct but also license regulations. These arguments are supported here by disentangling the logic of titling systems and presenting empirical evidence from the European and USA markets. The author thanks John D. Cooke, Fernando Gómez Pomar, Pamela O'Connor, Joyce D. Palomar, Ruth Paserman, Mark C. Schechter, Frank Stephen, Christine C. Wilson and participants at the Ninth EU Competition Law and Policy Workshop, the Eigth ISNIE conference and Université de Paris X for their comments and Ana Estrada for her research assistance. Usual disclaimers apply.     

在线经营主体身份认证——论我国在线交易安全解决方案

电子商务成为当今社会主宰的商务形式,而电子运营环境的特殊性,使得电子商务的安全问题成为威胁电子商务的首要问题.而电子商务安全首要问题是交易主体的识别问题,即如何确认交易主体是否真实存在,对应于现实中的哪个特定的主体问题.将在线经营主体分为两类,一类是经工商登记的商事主体;一类是未经工商登记的从事在线商事活动的个人,进而讨论这两类经营者的身份认证问题.对于取得工商登记的在线经营者,以我国三个地方的实践为基础,提出可以通过工商登记信息电子化(数字化)实现在线验证,是可行的解决方案;而对于未经工商登记的个人,则采纳形式上匿名体制--即以身份验证为条件的注册,但允许匿名从事在线交易行为--以确保未经登记的个体商户人身份真实性.这种体制充分平衡了在线交易安全和个人商户的隐私利益,是一种可行的选择.     

论国家及其财产豁免中商业交易的判断依据

对于国家豁免中的商业交易判断依据,理论上素有"性质"说和"目的"说之争,各国的立法和司法实践一般偏向于性质依据。《联合国国家及其财产豁免公约》采取了以性质依据为主、兼顾目的依据的折衷方案,但公约对目的依据的限制意味着那些原来一直主张性质依据的国家仍然可以只适用性质依据。因此公约并没有从根本上统一各国在商业交易判断依据上的立场。在审查合同或交易的商业性质时,不应该局限于"性质依据"或"目的依据",而应该从行为的全过程着手,全面考虑与案件有关的各种因素。     

诉讼费下调的经济分析

诉讼费下调本着“司法为民”的理念出发,意图通过此举缓解“打官司难”的问题,其出发点是好的,路径选择未必正确。其忽视了诉讼费仅是当事人诉讼成本的一部分,单纯减少诉讼费表面上促使了当事人参与诉讼,但同时增加了当事人的讼累,造成案件的急剧增加,致使已处困境的法院更加难以解脱。长久来看,诉讼费下调未必对民众有利,也未必对国家有利。     

论证券市场地下信用交易犯罪

证券市场实际存在而且危害严重的地下信用交易犯罪的方式、特点和犯罪构成情况 ,针对立法中刑事法律的欠缺提出相关的完善建议 ,通过对地下信用交易的刑法完善达到对证券市场进一步的规范和管理。     

信用卡犯罪的经济分析

信用卡犯罪会给人们造成巨大的损失,对其犯罪成本和犯罪收益进行分析将有助于我们弄清犯罪分子的决策过程。为有效防范信用卡犯罪的发生,需要制定一套合理的刑罚制度。此外,还应从经济学角度去考虑防范信用卡犯罪的具体措施,从而收到良好的刑罚效益。     

从交易费用和契约看新制度经济学研究范式

随着我国市场经济改革的深化,我们面临着经济发展中有关契约设计、制度安排、组织创新等一系列深化改革的新问题,提高资源配置效率、降低交易成本的制度安排对改革的成功至关重要。交易费用和契约分析使经济学的研究进入了更为现实的世界和非市场的领域,提高了经济学理论对现实存在的经济组织和经济现象的解释力,为管理学特别是组织理论的发展提供了有力的支持。