Justice and organizational punishment: Attitudinal outcomes of disciplinary events

This study utilized a justice framework to investigate punished subordinates' attitudinal reactions to specific disciplinary events. Results suggested that personality variables (negative affectivity and belief in a just world) influenced subordinate perceptions of the disciplinary event. In addition, belief in a just world had a direct effect on satisfaction with the supervisor, intention to leave, and organizational commitment. Contrary to expectations, harshness (a distributive aspect of the event) influenced perceptions of procedural justice and attitudes toward the institution (organizational commitment) and the leader (trust in supervisor), in addition to its influence on perceptions of distributive justice. The influence of procedural aspects of the event on attitudinal outcomes varied by dependent variable. The implications for future research and for management are discussed.     

Procedural justice and ethical decision making

Procedural justice, in the form of voice and respectful treatment by supervisor, and ethical decision making are examined in this research. Ethical decision making is hypothesized to be a direct function of moral intent, as indicated by willingness to use moral criteria in decision making. Moral intent is, in turn, expected to be a function of the decision-making context, including perceptions of voice, respect and trust between supervisor and subordinate, and moral climate. Individual moral development is also expected to have a positive effect on moral intent. Results generally support the model, with two exceptions. First, perception of voice has a negative effect on moral intent, while caring climate and respectful supervisory relations have the expected positive effect on moral intent. These results suggest either a compensatory model of ethical decision making or a complacency effect. Second, individual characteristics had very little effect on either the decision made or the level of moral intent developed, save for one decision. These results suggest an important overlooked variable, the salience of issues for procedural justice concerns.     

Modes of legitimation by female Pentecostal-Charismatic preachers in East Africa: a comparative study in Kenya and Tanzania

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the rise of female Pentecostal-Charismatic (PC) church leaders and how they legitimize themselves in a male dominated religious field in Kenya and Tanzania. It explores, in a qualitative way, four women leaders’ modes of attaining legitimacy in African PC milieus and contributes empirically based knowledge from four cases which include Eleonorah Wambui of Prosperity Gospel Ministries and Jesca Njuguna of Prophetic Word Ministry in Kenya, as well as Neema Mwambembela of Holy Ghost Power Assemblies and Irene John of Miracle Prayer Ministry in Tanzania. We make reference to Boulding’s delineation of sources of legitimacy ([1967] ‘The Legitimacy of Economics.’ Economic Inquiry 5 (4): 299–307). We found that the four East African female preachers that we examined share certain common practices, but that differences are manifest among them owing to differences in their personal preferences and to the contextual flavour of each ministry.     

“Hybrid Governance” and the Politics of Legitimacy in the Myanmar Peace Process

This article examines competing claims to political legitimacy and sovereignty in Myanmar’s conflict-affected areas of “limited statehood.” In the context of ceasefires and an emerging peace process since 2012, non-state-controlled “liberated zones” and areas of mixed insurgent and government authority constitute new political spaces, where multiple state and para-state actors demonstrate governance authority, extract resources and provide services to local communities. This article explores the dynamics and implications of these developments with reference to the emerging literatures on “rebel rulers” and “hybrid governance,” and examines the practices of donors and aid agencies operating in these areas. I argue that external actors seeking to “think and work politically” should move beyond standard peace-building and development packages based on strengthening the state, and adopt more conflict and context-sensitive approaches. Effective state building should take account of governance structures and service delivery functions established by ethnic armed organisations, which although under-resourced enjoy significant political legitimacy.     

行政法视野下我国非政府组织合法性危机及其矫正

随着经济和社会纷纷步入转型期,我国社会的权力结构发生了变化。非政府组织的兴起改变了原来政府———市场的二元治理结构,推动着我国治理理念的转变以及民主法治的进步。然而,非政府组织蓬勃发展的同时也面临着内外交困的局面,从而引发了一系列的危机,尤其是合法性危机:一来其权力的来源缺乏明确的法律依据,二来缺乏代表性,再来独立性也受质疑。从行政法的视角分析了我国非政府组织合法性危机,并试图探索出解困之策。     

远程审判的程序正当性考察——以交往行为理论为视角

目前来看,远程审判具有实践上的正当性,而欠缺历史的正当性,在形式正当性上也不完备。我们考察远程审判的正当性时,应超越形式的正当性标准,而深入到实质正当性的层面。在实质正当性的层面,又要超越实践正当性与历史正当性的分歧,而在纯粹正当性层面来进行分析。由于诉讼在本质上乃是法律世界的主体化解异议的交往行为,因此我们应从交往行为所依赖的理想言谈情境出发,来分析远程审判的程序正当性问题。理想言谈情境要求主体的言语行为符合四个有效性要件,根据这四个有效性要件,我们可以建立诉讼程序的纯粹正当性标准。以此标准进行衡量,远程审判在程序上大体符合纯粹正当性的要求,但是也有个别具体障碍需要消除。     

民间借贷：现状、影响及合法性探讨

近年来我国的民间借贷市场空前活跃，其在市场规模、表现形式、投资方向及借贷利率等方面呈现出新的特点。民间借贷在为中小企业解决融资难题、发挥积极作用的同时，也对借贷企业的健康发展、国家金融秩序及社会稳定造成了一定的负面影响。对民间借贷进行规制应先探讨民间借贷的合法性，这对推进民间借贷的规范化和法制化具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

目的正当性审查在比例原则中的定位

目的正当性审查在比例原则适用中的定位需要重新审视。通过对国家发改委“缓降油价决定”在目的与手段关系上的个案考察，比例原则在石油调价风波中的适用，可能遭遇“悖离情境”。这直接关乎“目的正当性”审查在比例原则中的定位。对此，学界和实务界存在从“审查不足”到“审查过度”间的短板交接。比例原则对目的性审查需要秉持克制态度：既作为不可或缺的审查环节，但不能赋予其独立之阶层秩序的地位。可将“预备阶段论”建构作为比例原则目的正当性审查的探索方向。对于“缓降油价决定”的实体性评价，即使以目的正当性审查启动，也应伴随比例原则预备阶段论的适用，截断以“不恰当目的”之相关审查标准。     

Crime,Justice, and the Under‐Laborer: On the Criminology of the Shadow and the Search for Disciplinary Identity and Legitimacy

This article proposes an alternative vision for what criminal justice can represent such that its interests in becoming a full‐fledged academic discipline are advanced. Linked to philosophical inquiry (the under‐laborer), emphasis is placed on explicating how insights derived from ontology, epistemology, aesthetics, and ethics underscore the field. Coupled with this more probing excursion is psychoanalytic reflexivity (the criminology of the shadow). The manner in which the philosophical lens informs criminal justice is delineated, and the logic of this shadow criminology is described. As dimensions of an inclusive organizing scheme, their potential for fostering integration in crime and justice studies consistent with the goals of disciplinary identity and legitimacy is explored. The implications of the proposed model—especially for charting a new direction in theory, research, policy, and pedagogy—are also highlighted.     

论以民族主义宣传调控民众不满情绪的成败条件——基于数学模型的分析

人类历史上,许多国家执政者有时会采用煽动民族主义情绪的方式转移民众视线以应对合法性危机。但此方法会同时增加民众的民族主义诉求,当执政者可能无法满足相关诉求时,民众即会产生新的不满。在煽动民族主义情绪时,执政者必然要把握尺度,不断通过评估-调整的调控方式将民众不满情绪稳定于最低水平。通过数学建模分析可发现,此调控方式有趋于失序、趋于均衡两种结果,函数弹性差值是调控成败的关键。函数弹性差值决定于社会信息化程度、社会祛魅程度和执政者公信力。