行政决策失误评判标准确立的基本立场问题研究

在经典的法学论著中,权责一致是经典权力哲学观颇为看重的基本逻辑。构建法治中国,"有权必有责,用权受监督,侵权要赔偿"的理念正在成为政府官员深入骨髓的认识。在政府权力运行的决策领域中,努力建构权力规范、程序安全的责任追究机制,科学有效界定行政决策失误的评判标准无疑是行政决策责任追究制度中一个极为重要的问题。行政决策失误评判标准的确立应当秉持依据标准与社会标准的有机统一,满足过程与结果导向的需要,实现行政决策的效益均衡。     

国际私法中强制性规范的界定——兼评《关于适用<涉外民事关系法律适用法>若干问题的解释(一)》第10条

《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第4条于我国国际私法中首次明确规定我国法律的强制性规定应予直接适用。作为多边选法体系的例外,强制性规范理论在适用中最核心的问题之一,是识别哪些规范属于需要直接适用的国际强制性规范。国际私法中的强制性规范仅指国际强制性规范。比较法上提出界定国际强制性规范的客观标准和主观标准,随之产生仅采客观标准和兼采主客观标准两种立法模式。《关于适用<涉外民事关系法律适用法>若干问题的解释(一)》第10条对何为我国法律的强制性规定进行了定义,并以不完全列举的方式来解决可操作性问题,但在理论和实践方面仍存在缺失。     

Setting the tabloid agenda: What two Afrikaans-language tabloids offer their readers

Abstract

South African tabloids generally thrive while mainstream newspapers struggle to compete with the current front-runners, Afrikaans-language tabloid Son and the English-language Daily Sun. However, not all South African tabloids are success stories: the Afrikaans-language tabloid Sondag has struggled since its inception, in particular prior to Ingo Capraro's takeover in 2009. This article consequently aims to establish why Kaapse Son and Sondag, two Afrikaans-language tabloids from the same media stable, have been received so differently. Why has Son hit the mark so impressively and why has Sondag been unable to succeed in terms of circulation and readership? In an attempt to answer these questions, this article explores the content and presentation of these two tabloids in the period just before Capraro took over the editorship in an attempt to save the newspaper from its dwindling circulation, i.e. the period in which Willem Pretorius was editor of Sondag. This comparative content analysis of the newspapers is conducted against a background of the nature of tabloid newspapers in South Africa, and within the framework of the agenda-setting theory. The background is explored by means of a literature review and conversations with editors from both newspapers. The analysis shows that Son has a strong community focus and provides its audience with relevant and up-to-date information they can apply to their everyday lives. In comparison, Sondag (under Pretorius’ editorship) resembled a supermarket tabloid, with a focus on celebrities. It is suggested that, in order to survive, an Afrikaans-language tabloid should provide local, community-focused stories that pertain to the everyday lives of its readers.     

公租房退出机制的地方立法分析——以北京等11省市的政府规章为分析样本

公租房准入机制保证申请人公平获得住房保障机会,实现"应保尽保",然而,公租房制度实践是一个动态运行过程,准入之后还有日常租赁管理、定期核查、合同期满重新申请等问题,这就需要完善的退出机制予以规范。退出机制直接关系到有限房源的充分流转使用和公租房制度有序运行。通过分析目前各地立法文本中退出条件、退出程序等方面存在的不足,分别从合理过渡期的设置、动态监控平台的完善、奖惩机制的配合,以及阶段性推进公租房可售几方面提出规范建议,以期有助于公租房立法进一步完善。     

“混淆之虞”,抑或“显著性受损之虞”?——对我国商标侵权认定标准的再思考

虽然目前学界提出的"混淆标准"与"显著性标准"均可在一定程度上为商标侵权的认定提供理论支撑,但却均存在对商标权人的利益保护不够周延的问题。鉴于商标功能是商标赖以存在的基础,对商标权利益边界的划定应当建立在对商标功能进行整体把握的基础上。为此,我国应在商标法中设置有关商标侵权认定的一般性条款,并在其中突显对商标功能的维护。     

BUDGETING IN A TIME OF AUSTERITY: THE CASE OF THE ESTONIAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

Resulting from the global economic crisis, high budget deficits and debt burden characterise many economies looking for an exit strategy from current fiscal unbalances. The government of Estonia, having pursued a conservative fiscal policy for over a decade, reacted to the economic recession with radical budget adjustments, the latter constituting approximately 9% of gross domestic product in 2009. Consequently, Estonia took its chance and qualified for the euro in 2011. This study examines the behaviour of the Estonian central government and the basis of its budget decisions when planning drastic cost reductions through the theoretical lens of cutback management. The foremost results reveal that the crisis pushed the government to establish a different institutional framework that facilitated fast and effective decision‐making during the budget process. The savings proposals came from the Ministry of Finance; however, running a cash‐basis line‐item budgeting system in practice, the centre possessed only limited performance data for developing the proposals. Consequently, the long‐term impacts of the budget adjustments had not been assessed and are as yet unknown. A further conclusion is that the current budgeting framework should be revised and replaced step by step with a more advanced approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

选人用人机制科学化的三个理论问题

本文在对近年来干部人事制度改革主要措施分析的基础上,提出当前推进选人用人机制科学化,必须解决三个方面的深层次理论问题：一是要认清我国公务员队伍作为执政群体的政治属性,从体现公务员队伍政治代表功能的角度,确立多样化的选人标准和选拔方式;二是要从科学配置干部任用权的角度,从提名权主体多元化的误区中摆脱出来;三是要对群众在干部选拔任用中的作用有科学定位,厘清干部选拔任用中民主的形式和限度。     

构建和谐警民关系的思考

构建和谐警民关系是公安机关“三项建设”中的重要内容,对推动公安工作和队伍建设又好又快发展具有十分深远的意义。认同感、满意度、支持率是衡量警民关系和谐程度的重要标准,公安机关要着力在提高人民群众对公安民警的认同感、对公安工作的满意度、对公安机关的支持率等方面下工夫,积极构建和谐警民关系。     

国际刑事司法准则与中国刑事司法改革

随着我国融入世界经济贸易体系 ,我国正在逐渐摆脱以专政为核心的刑事司法理念 ,向以人权保障为归依的刑事司法理念演进。在这一过程中 ,引入国际刑事司法准则十分必要 ,其中包括价值上的转换 ,制度上的改革 ,规范上的更新。我们在处理国际刑事司法准则与中国刑事司法改革的关系时 ,必须处理好国际化与本土化、积极与稳妥、引入与融通的关系。