Criminal Recidivism After Forensic Psychiatric Treatment. A Multicenter Study on the Role of Pretreatment,Treatment-Related,and Follow-Up Variables

This study examined associations between criminal recidivism after discharge from forensic treatment and variables related to either the time before the current forensic treatment, or the current forensic treatment, or the follow-up after discharge. Participants were treated in 12 forensic clinics according to section 63 of the German penal code. A patient was classified as a criminal recidivist when the patient or the aftercare reported that the patient was delinquent at follow-up. Patients without criminal recidivism were patients for which both perspectives (patient and aftercare) reported no delinquency at follow-up. Mann–Whitney U-tests and Fisher's exact tests were performed. Data to classify patients were available for N = 249 patients. Fifteen patients (6%) were classified as criminal recidivists. The follow-up was M = 12.58 (SD = 1.84) months, and the criminal acts occurred M = 6.00 (SD = 5.55) months after discharge. Differences between patients with and without criminal recidivism were found in pretreatment (young age at first crime, early onset of mental disorder, previous forensic treatments), treatment-related (disorder due to psychoactive substance use, gradual release abuses, outbreaks, assaults against staff, criminal act during treatment, type of discharge, outcome ratings), as well as follow-up variables (no specified housing situation, not being abstinent from psychoactive substances, inpatient readmission, course of outpatient treatment, course of mental disorder) (all p < 0.05). To conclude, it is important to consider variables related to the time before the current treatment, treatment-related variables, and variables related to the follow-up to identify the patients at risk of criminal recidivism after discharge from forensic treatment.     

Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) Improves Executive Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults with Severe Aggression Problems: A Pilot Study

This pilot study (N = 25) compared the effects of a short, four-month version of Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy Outpatient (Re-ART Compact) and the entire, ten-month intervention (Re-ART Complete) on specific executive functioning (EF) and the risk of violent recidivism in adolescents and young adults (13–23 years). Re-ART is a cognitive behavioral-based intervention for adolescents and young adults with severe aggression problems. The Re-ART Compact and Re-ART Complete groups were comparable on the EF measures inhibition, flexibility, emotion regulation, self-evaluation, and self-control, but the Re-ART Complete group showed more improved risk of violent recidivism. We conclude that Re-ART Compact can be used as a compact, short intervention for EF, which is a valuable addition to the field of forensic mental health care where many problem behaviors relate to poor EF.     

浅析城市生活垃圾处理方案选择

在进行城市生活垃圾处理方案选择时应对城市概况、技术、经济和财务、环境以及法律政策等 5方面的因素进行全面、详细的调查、分析和评价 ,最终进行总体评价 ,选择出最适宜的方案。     

警察职业道德失范及其治理

警察职业道德是规范警察职业行为的标准 ,警察个体与公安机关内部管理体制自身存在的问题是警察职业道德失范的内因 ,社会负面因素的影响是外因。必须加强警察职业道德建设 ,加强管理制度建设 ,强化监督机制 ,厉行法治。     

论紧急救治权与医疗欠费的矛盾及其对策

紧急救治权是我国卫生法规定的公民在患病急危时，有得到医师紧急抢救的权利。而在当前却存在日益增多的急诊欠费与紧急救治权之间发生矛盾的案例，严重妨害了患者的紧急救治权。如果仅依靠追究医师的法律责任来解决该矛盾，只是治表之策，而建立急诊欠费的补偿机制才是根本对策。因此，应当通过社会建立急诊“绿色通道”会员制度，医院共同参与建立“医疗欠费共担基金”，政府建立紧急救治欠费补偿基金，聘请律师对恶意欠费依法追缴等对策保障患者紧急救治权。     

论自愿戒毒：法规范、定位与制度创新

《戒毒条例》将自愿戒毒单独成章,使其成为我国一项基本戒毒制度。但关于自愿戒毒,《戒毒条例》与《禁毒法》存在着严重的规范并用和冲突现象。从自愿戒毒的基本自足点在于戒毒者权利保护的立场出发,推动我国自愿戒毒工作的开展,就必须进行相应的制度创新,这集中体现在将自愿戒毒作为首选性戒毒制度、加强戒毒医疗机构建设和推进戒毒药物维持治疗三个方面。     

三位一体警察心理教育训练体系构建

警察心理教育的目的是预防警察在工作过程中产生心理障碍或心理疾病,依据警察的职业特点,其教育训练应该是一个认知训练、身体训练、心理治疗三位一体的综合训练体系。而当前我国警察教育训练中只重视认知训练和治疗训练而忽视身体训练,应构建认知训练、身体训练、心理治疗训练三位一体的警察心理教育体系,以期提高我国警察心理教育训练水平。     

Judges as therapists and therapists as judges: the collision of judicial and therapeutic roles in drug treatment courts

This paper explores the implications of the expansion of judicial and therapeutic roles in a drug treatment court (DTC) in Canada. Issues that are raised are: how the courtroom is framed as a therapeutic space where public appearances by participants are part of the therapeutic process; how judges have taken on therapeutic practices, effectively compromising their traditional role as neutral arbiter; how certain women resisted therapeutic interventions by judges and felt they received harsher punishments than men; and how treatment counselors in DTCs are given powers of enforcement over their clients. The collision of judicial and therapeutic roles in the DTC results in negative consequences for individuals in the specialized courts. Specifically, DTC participants are expected to engage in a therapeutic relationship with their treatment counselors and the court; however, their right to confidentiality is withheld, and their treatment counselors act as agents for the court.     

The big 5 dimensional personality approach to understanding sex offenders

Abstract

Although previous research has reported that the incarceration of sex offenders does not significantly reduce re-offending, there is no adequate theory guiding remedial programs for this population. The aim of the present study was to examine whether normal personality variation provides useful theoretical insight into the nature of sex offences against children. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a measure of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality, was administered to 64 males incarcerated for child sex offences. Sex offenders were categorised into different offender groups comprising incest within the immediate family, incest within step-family and extra familial offence. A comparison group of 33 non-offender males also completed the NEO PI-R. Results indicated that the sex offender groups were significantly higher in Neuroticism and significantly lower in Extraversion and Conscientiousness compared to the non-offender group. Significant differences between the sex offender groups and comparison groups for NEO PI-R facets were also found. The implications of these findings in terms of early identification and treatment are discussed.     

New Zealand's special treatment units: the development and implementation of intensive treatment for high-risk male prisoners

In the late 1980s, New Zealand developed two highly innovative residential treatment programmes for serious offenders that blended together the strengths of structured cognitive behavioural group programmes and therapeutic community approaches. Since the mid-1990s this hybrid model – recently advocated as a fruitful direction for future offender programme development – was adopted and further refined for use in New Zealand's four high-risk special treatment units (HRSTUs). We outline the HRSTU model, noting the challenges and potential benefits of providing an intervention that integrates therapy, resocialisation and reintegration experiences for high-risk, high need, low responsivity clients: many with significant psychopathic features. On average, the majority of those referred to HRSTUs complete the programme and make small but significant amounts of change on important treatment goals. But most changes remain tentative, suggesting the importance of more supportive aftercare. Although an earlier evaluation of the first unit to open found the programme to be modestly effective in reducing recidivism, an outcome evaluation currently underway will help establish whether improvements since that time are associated with reductions in disciplinary infractions and recidivism.