论宋代刑事审判权的制约机制

宋代刑事审判制度尽管在一般层面上仍未跳出封建式刑事审判制度的巢臼,但在具体制度的建构上却呈现出有别于中国封建社会其他朝代的独特风貌.宋代刑事审判制度的显著特点在于强调对刑事审判权的制约.可以说,宋代刑事审判权制约机制的设计和运行为确保刑事审判权的正确行使和刑事案件的公正处理莫定了坚实的基础.     

“马锡五审判方式”及其司法理念——以封捧儿“婚姻申诉案”为分析样本

"马锡五审判方式"的突出特点就是群众路线。群众路线作为"马锡五审判方式"的精神内涵是应当发扬广大的,但是,"马锡五审判方式"所折射出的群众路线、大众司法能否成为具有普适价值的司法理念?这个问题值得认真思考。封捧儿"婚姻申诉案"所体现的"马锡五审判方式"及其司法理念似乎更加适合于"熟人社会",更加适合于简单案件。     

论受审能力的恢复

受审能力评定越来越引起重视的情况下,对于无受审能力者,受审能力的恢复也是一项值得大家关注的问题,受审能力恢复的培训程序包括相关精神障碍治疗、法律知识培训、综合住院治疗;而个别程序的专门培训可能是受审能力最大程度恢复的必要措施。受审能力恢复评定的标准更多的参照于经典的Bennett标准。虽然有关受审能力恢复的研究还存在一些挑战,但为我国相关受审能力恢复的研究指明了道路,提供了很好的参考依据和措施。     

刑民交叉案件分案审理的标准

司法实践中,人民法院判断刑民交叉案件是否“分案处理”的标准有二：一是“同一法律关系”,二是“同一法律事实”。从法理及实践看,单纯依据某个标准,并不能对刑民交叉是否“分案处理”得出一个统一结论。因此,应将二者结合起来,确立一个综合性判断标准：凡基于不同法律事实引起的刑、民法律关系,应当分案审理;凡基于同一法律事实引起的刑民法律关系,原则上应通过刑事附带民事诉讼合并审理。     

我国司法解释规则的新发展及其再完善——《07规定》与《97规定》的比较分析

与最高人民法院1997年出台的《关于司法解释工作的若干规定》相比,于2007年4月1日起施行的新规则无论在形式体例上还是在具体内容方面均有新的发展:新规则的制定依据有所扩充,从而凸显了依法行使司法解释权的应有宗旨;突出强调了协商一致,为"两高"共同制定司法解释的工作提供了制度雏形;扩大了司法解释的立项来源,拓展了司法解释正当化的社会基础;但新规则也仍然存在一些问题:最高人民法院自己规定其司法解释"具有法律效力"显然是一种"过于自大"的失当宣示;对于司法解释工作的监督机制似乎仅具形式意义。     

民事诉讼审级制度的新思考

在我国民事诉讼实践中 ,两审终审的审级制度有蜕化为“一审终审”的危险 ,加上其他一些弊端 ,两审终审制度渐呈难以为继的趋势。在构建我国三审终审制过程中 ,不必拘泥于三审上诉为“法律审”的限制 ,而应当考虑审级制度与再审程序的互相协调、作用互补。同时 ,要对现行各级法院的职能作出调整和分工 ,从组织机构上保障三审终审制度真正得到实施。     

A Selection of Empirical Socio-Economic Research with Respect to the Functioning of Legal Rules and Institutions in Belgium and the Netherlands

In this paper some studies with respect to empirical socio-economic research which has been undertaken in Belgium and the Netherlands concerning the functioning of legal rules and institutions are discussed. The paper focuses on the domains of criminal law, civil procedure, liability and insurance. The paper argues that contrary to the overwhelming economic literature on liability and insurance, the empirical results in that domain are poor. More research is undertaken in the area of criminal law and apparently it is overwhelming in the area of civil procedure. The latter studies are, however, mainly undertaken by socio-legal scholars and less by economists. The general conclusion of the empirical studies discussed seems to be that while the empirical literature on the effect of changes in the decision making environment on rational actions in the legal system is rich and provocative, there is much less empirical testing of the effects of legal rules as such on allocational outcomes. The paper argues that much more effort should be devoted to the latter issue.     

国内武装冲突中的战争犯罪审判问题研究

针对国内武装冲突中的战争犯罪行为,国家立法机关应当提供必要的惩处依据。我国现行刑法、刑事诉讼法和人民法院组织法尚不能适应追究这类犯罪的客观需要。建议通过法律修正案或单行法规的形式,尽快完善相关的实体法、程序法和组织法,促进中国特色社会主义法律体系的健全发展,为军事斗争准备提供必要的法律保障。     

Is the genie out of the bottle? Digital platforms and the future of clinical trials

Is it possible to conduct impartial clinical trials in a world full of digital networking tools that patients can use to coordinate themselves and act against research protocols? This paper builds on an ethnography of PatientsLikeMe, a company running an internet social media network where patients with different conditions share their clinical data with standardized questionnaires. The company faced a serious dilemma in 2011 when some ALS patients, members of the site, started sharing data about a phase II clinical trial of an experimental drug (NP001) in which some of them were participating, to anticipate the experiment’s outcomes and understand each one’s allocation over trial arms. In parallel, some other patients were using the site and other web tools to coordinate and run their own replication of the trial with homebrew mixes of industrial grade chemicals. PatientsLikeMe researchers reflected on their position as networks managers and eventually decided to use the collected data to develop their own analysis of the efficacy of the original compound, and of the homebrewers’ compound. They presented the NP001 events as a case in point for articulating a new social contract for clinical research. This paper analyses these events, first, by understanding the clinical trial as an experiment organization form that can succeed only as long as its protocol can be enforced; second, we observe how web networks make it dramatically easier for the trial protocol to be violated; finally, we point out how a potentially dangerous confluence of interests over web networks could incubate developments that disrupt the status quo without creating a robust and safe alternative for experimentation. We conclude by warning about the interests of the pharmaceutical industry in exploiting patients’ methodological requests to its own advantage.     

论刑事拘留泛化的原因和解决对策

当前 ,刑事拘留的目的不明确 ,拘留时限过长 ,导致了拘留泛化现象。本文认为 ,明确拘留的目的 ,对拘留制度进行重新设计时应有效地消除拘留泛化现象 ,确保其在刑事诉讼中发挥积极作用