我国涉外民商事审判存在问题实证分析——以757份裁判文书为依据

我国法院在涉外民商事审判中尚存在诸多问题,大量涉外民商事案件的审理缺乏管辖权依据的阐述或对此语焉不详,甚或管辖权依据适用错误。在管辖权异议方面,仲裁协议与法院管辖、债权转让与原合同管辖权效力间的关系纠缠不清,异议不断。在准据法适用中,不但大量的裁判文书没有准据法选择依据,法律适用呈恣意态势,而且法院地法被大量适用、准据法选择方法较为单一等均引致相当弊端。对于其他国家或地区判决以及仲裁裁决的承认与执行方面的严重问题在于对承认与执行的法律依据阐述含糊不详。     

Forensic Analysis of Explosives Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS)—Part 2: Forensic Inter-Laboratory Trial: Bulk Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes in a Range of Chemical Compounds (Australia and New Zealand)

Abstract:  Comparability of data over time and between laboratories is a key issue for consideration in the development of global databases, and more broadly for quality assurance in general. One mechanism that can be utilized for evaluating traceability is an inter-laboratory trial. This paper addresses an inter-laboratory trial conducted across a number of Australian and New Zealand isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) laboratories. The main objective of this trial was to determine whether IRMS laboratories in these countries would record comparable values for the distributed samples. Four carbon containing and four nitrogen containing compounds were distributed to seven laboratories in Australia and one in New Zealand. The laboratories were requested to analyze the samples using their standard procedures. The data from each laboratory was evaluated collectively using International Standard ISO 13528 ( Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by inter-laboratory comparisons ). "Warning signals" were raised against one participant in this trial. "Action signals" requiring corrective action were raised against four participants. These participants reviewed the data and possible sources for the discrepancies. This inter-laboratory trial was successful in providing an initial snapshot of the potential for traceability between the participating laboratories. The statistical methods described in this article could be used as a model for others needing to evaluate stable isotope results derived from multiple laboratories, e.g., inter-laboratory trials/proficiency testing. Ongoing trials will be conducted to improve traceability across the Australian and New Zealand IRMS community.     

对抗制要素刑事庭审模式下的非对抗性审判探析

1996年改革后的中国刑事庭审模式是在原来职权主义审问制基础上吸收当事人主义对抗制要素的混合制庭审模式,但改革的目标在司法实践中没有得到实现,却呈现出具有对抗制要素庭审模式下非对抗性审判的现象。导致这一现象的根本原因是作为对抗制庭审模式基本前提的控审分离、控辩平衡、审判中立缺失。实证分析具有对抗制要素庭审模式下非对抗性审判的现象及原因,有益于中国刑事审判模式的进一步改革。     

案外人申请再审主体资格的理论探析及司法把握——兼评《审监解释》第五条第一款

长期以来,案外人都无法通过自主主张诉权来实现其受到生效裁判危害之权利的救济。这极大妨碍案外人实体权利的救济,影响了诉讼功能的发挥。最高人民法院《关于适用民事诉讼法审判监督程序司法解释》第五条通过扩张解释,赋予了有限的案外人直接申请再审权利。准确理解和严格把握该司法解释第5条第1款规定的案外人直接申请再审的主体资格问题,是一个理论及司法实务中亟待解决的重要问题。     

重读“马锡五审判方式”

以一个人的名字命名一种审判模式,在中国新民主主义革命司法史上具有特殊的时代意蕴。被称之为"马锡五审判方式"的司法范式,贯穿了"一刻也不要离开群众"的司法理念。通过重读文献,再现马锡五判案的场景,使我们知道一个真实的"马锡武审判方式"。     

从政治与司法双重视角看“马锡五审判方式”

"马锡五审判方式"因贯彻了"群众路线",其客观效果与边区政权的政治需求高度一致,所以在1940年代的陕甘宁边区得以推广。它已跨越了司法的边界而成为政治的手段或方式;但作为一种纯粹的司法技术,它是一种处于普遍性法律规则与乡土社会民间法冲突中权宜变通的司法模式,是中国司法现代化初级阶段的一种表现形式。     

“马锡五审判方式”的当代效度和限度——以“张院长新政”为考察对象

重彰"马锡五审判方式"是当下我国司法界的一个热点,各级法院都在尝试"马锡五审判方式"的运用,其中以"张院长新政"最有影响和最具代表性。"张院长新政"在重彰"马锡五审判方式"方面是不成功的,有过分机械的嫌疑。     

从传世的和新出土的陕西金文及先秦文献看西周的民事诉讼制度

西周是中国奴隶制法发展的完善时期,已形成一套较为完善的奴隶制民事诉讼法律。陕西出土的传世的及新出土的西周青铜器铭文,明确而真实地反映了西周民事诉讼制度,再佐以先秦文献总结出西周民事诉讼制度的概貌。西周的调解制度、巡回审判制度以及宗法制的影响,使西周民事诉讼制度对中国司法制度有独特的影响。     

Outlining the Shadow of the Axe—On Restorative Justice and the Use of Trial and Punishment

Most proponents of restorative justice admit to the need to find a well defined place for the use of traditional trial and punishment alongside restorative justice processes. Concrete answers have, however, been wanting more often than not. John Braithwaite is arguably the one who has come the closest, and here I systematically reconstruct and critically discuss the rules or principles suggested by him for referring cases back and forth between restorative justice and traditional trial and punishment. I show that we should be sceptical about at least some of the answers provided by Braithwaite, and, thus, that the necessary use of traditional punishment continues to pose a serious challenge to restorative justice, even at its current theoretical best.