论城市社会面的治安防控

城市社会面与市民的关系极为密切，其治安状况直接影响到市民的安全感。当前，影响社会面治安的主要因素是某些多发性犯罪，而要从根本上消除犯罪困难很大。公安机关应当转变思路，通过消除犯罪所需的时空条件和被害人条件来减少犯罪实施的可能性，进而减少和消除犯罪，实现社会面治安的迅速好转。     

GENDER AND ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE: A CONTEXTUAL EXAMINATION*

A growing body of research examines the problem of adolescent dating violence. In these studies, fairly high rates of female‐to‐male violence have been documented, leading to considerable debate about the role of gender in dating and other partner violence. Drawing from a broader qualitative study of violence in the lives of African‐American youths from a distressed urban community, we weigh in on this debate by providing a contextual examination of the nature, circumstances, and meanings of adolescent dating violence. Our research shows that the meanings and consequences of girls ‘violence are strikingly different than those of boys’, and that both are grounded in gender inequalities. We conclude by discussing the significance of these findings for both feminist and general research on dating violence.     

Protection and Dignity in Johannesburg: Shortcomings of South Africa's Urban Refugee Policy

Since the end of apartheid, South African cities have becomedestinations for refugees and asylum seekers from across Africa.In line with its constitutional commitments to human rightsand dignity, South Africa has enacted a refugee policy intendedto maximize freedom and protection by promoting refugees' temporaryintegration into local communities. In doing so, the law guaranteesfreedom of movement, access to many social services, and rightsto compete in labour and housing markets. This article arguesthat because refugees and asylum seekers are effectively unableto convert these legal entitlements into effective protection,South Africa has failed to meet its domestic and internationalobligations. This argument draws particular attention to institutionalfailures in determining refugee status and issuing recognizableidentity documents; denial of essential social services; andabuse at the hands of law enforcement agents. It concludes bysuggesting a positive obligation for the state to counter thefull range of obstacles that prevent asylum seekers and refugeesfrom securing effective protection.     

浅谈城市房屋拆迁立法的完善

解决因城市房屋拆迁而引发的矛盾,完善相关的立法是途径之一.制定一部完整系统的调整和规范城市房屋拆迁方面的民事基本法律,严格区分公共利益的拆迁和商业性拆迁,根据其性质不同适用不同的处理原则;完善拆迁安置补偿规定,增加对被拆迁人土地使用权的补偿,从而保护被拆迁人完整的财产权.     

An Assessment of the Impact that Participation in Local Climate Networks Has on Cities’ Implementation of Climate,Energy, and Transportation Policies

Much of the attention surrounding local climate protection in the United States is associated with two networks: ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability's Cities for Climate Protection and the U.S. Conference of Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement (MCPA). However, the impact of these networks on member‐city actions has not been clearly established. This paper examines whether, and to what extent, participation in climate networks leads to the implementation of greenhouse gas (GHG)‐reducing policies, above and beyond what would have been done in their absence. To account for the possibility that cities which join climate networks are systematically different from those that do not and control for self‐selection induced bias, three statistical techniques—propensity score matching, Heckman full information maximum likelihood, and instrumental variables—are employed to estimate the “treatment effect” of participation. Results suggest that impact is network specific: ICLEI membership causes small to moderate increases in cities’ GHG‐relevant activity, whereas the MCPA has no such effect. The characteristics of each network are evaluated in light of these findings.     

广东促进城乡统筹发展的政府治理变革制度创新的启示——基于制度生态视角的个案分析

本文基于制度生态视角分析发现:在我国城乡统筹问题上,市场无力而农村社会发育不足,政府治理变革成为主要动力。广东的经验揭示出:市县治理是最佳的统筹空间,政府变革可以显著推进城乡统筹,地方政府治理变革要紧抓职能重组与机构再造,正视制度创新困境,关键要明确政府与市场、社会的分工,以组织系统学习能力的提升来激发内部动力。制度生态对制度创新具有约束与激励作用,而制度创新对制度生态具有适应与改造作用,广东虽面临一些亟需破解的问题,但良性的制度变迁路径已经确立。     

中国城市环境治理信息型政策工具选择的政治逻辑——政府环境治理能力向度的考察

环境问题、环境治理和环境政策工具的选择与政治之间存在关联。中国城市环境治理信息型政策工具的选择有其政治上的动因,也需要考虑政治因素。这之中所蕴涵的逻辑关系就是中国城市环境治理信息型政策工具选择的政治逻辑。政府环境治理能力向度上中国城市环境治理信息型政策工具选择的政治逻辑主要表现为提升中国城市政府环境政策能力、环境监管能力、环境正义维护能力和环境制度创新能力需要选择信息型政策工具。     

试论基层派出所在新城建设中面临的问题及对策

为推动城乡协调发展,不断加快我国区域化、城镇化建设步伐,各级地方政府纷纷将建设城市新节点——新城作为一项重要战略举措,新城的聚合辐射作用正在逐步显现,但是因新城加速建设引发的体制转轨、社会转型、思想多样、利益多元等新情况和新问题逐渐成为区域内新的社会矛盾和冲突的孵化器。基层一线派出所在应对新挑战中应加强队伍建设,夯实警务基础,创新警务方式,推动警务区域联动一体化,加大打击力度,有效遏制犯罪上升势头;不断加强创新社会管理方式,及时化解社会各类矛盾,才能有效成为新城建设维稳的主力军。     

Local Social Ties and Willingness to Intervene: Textured Views Among Violent Urban Youth of Neighborhood Social Control Dynamics and Situations

Social control in urban neighborhoods has been studied for over a century in America, yet our understanding of the dynamic nature of social relations for exerting informal social control remains limited. The present study uses detailed reports from those most likely to be the target of local control efforts—violent youth in extremely disadvantaged urban locations—to re‐examine two features of this work: variations across different hypothetical scenarios widely used in this research, and connections between local ties and intervention type and likelihood in actual events. In‐depth qualitative interviews from 159 violent males aged 16–24 from two distressed New York City neighborhoods identify ways in which responses to commonly used scenarios of informal social control are age‐ and space‐graded. Reports on the transactional nature of social control in violent events show how local ties may undermine, rather than support, social control processes. It would appear that we need to consider more carefully general suggestions about local ties encouraging more informal social control, move to a more textured, multithreaded view of these connections, and incorporate age‐ and space‐graded dynamics into future studies of social control.