“La bibliothèque coloniale”, la propriété intellectuelle et la romance du développement en Afrique

One asks oneself vigorously about the conditions of the construction of knowledge relative to the African continent as well as to its way of thinking. The influence of V.Y. Mudimbe in this regard is immense. The major categories of anthropology are examined, even called into question, and most notably the ethnic groups. As pertinent as they may be, these analyses return to the library and to the system of representation that the continent invents and raise it to a paradigm of difference par excellence. It is important, beyond the scholarly discourse, to take a look at the relationship of ordinary people with libraries. Broadcasters, for example, comment candidly on the work of one artist-musician or another. Appropriation implies the related right: “droit d'auteur(e)”, copyright or “Urheberrecht”. Anyone who fails to comply becomes a pirate. What, therefore, is the meaning of to modernise the author, the work, the copyright or the pirate not in language inherited from Western law but in that of the citizen or the average villager?     

Social Change and Class Formation in a French West African State

This article focuses on migrant children in West Africa in contexts where independent migrations during childhood constitute the norm rather than the exception. The article examines how the relative age and gender of a child influence his/her trajectory. It is based on the biographies of two young domestic workers – a girl in Côte-d’Ivoire and a boy in Burkina Faso. In describing their trajectories during the first eight to ten years of their migration to the city, this article shows that ideas surrounding age-appropriate work and the acquisition of new skills allow both girls and boys to increasingly exercise more power over their own lives. From these detailed trajectories it becomes clear that the dominant institutional categories, on the one hand, mask the diversity of activities of these very young migrants. On the other hand, they conceal the diachronic changes that take place in the course of their migratory work experience.     

Comments on Hasenfeld and Gidron: “Understanding multi-purpose hybrid voluntary organizations”

The article develops a theoretical framework to analyse the social construction of citizenship at the local level in Bolivia through the Ley de Participación Popular (LPP). It explains how decentralization at the municipal level and the introduction of participatory mechanisms affect the development of civil society in Bolivia. I argue that decentralization at the city level can provide new formal spaces for the development of civil society in relation with the state, which can in turn foster the social construction of a more inclusive citizenship regime. Many factors, however, determine if such potential is exploited. Drawing from the Bolivian experience, the article elaborates on the socio-political conditions necessary for local governance to have a positive impact on citizenship. It shows that the institutional shortcomings of the LPP, an elite-driven reform adopted in a country with a legacy of weak institutions and civil society, posed fundamental limits for social participation at the municipal level to lead to the social construction of an inclusive citizenship regime.     

“中华民国第二共和宪法草案”评析

2007年3月,陈明通等人抛出"中华民国第二共和宪法草案",该草案是落实陈水扁"法理台独"指示的版本,是贯彻李登辉"两国论"的表现,是试图向统独各方压力妥协的产物。社会各界对该草案都不满意,是不可能实现的方案。     

Personal attributes and (mis)perceptions of local environmental risk

Individuals' risk perceptions shape their attitudes and behaviors, and to the extent that governments respond to public demands, they also influence public policy priorities. Conversely, risk misperceptions—that is, when risk perceptions do not align with realities—may lead to suboptimal behaviors and inefficient public policy. This study investigates the phenomena of environmental risk misperceptions. Specifically, with an original survey that enables a direct comparison of perceived and actual environmental risks at the local level, it examines the relationships between personal attributes and risk misperceptions. The findings show that individuals exhibit optimism bias in assessing local environmental risk. On average, people rank their communities as experiencing less risk from toxic air pollution than objective measures suggest. Moreover, Whites, males, conservatives, and older people tend to have larger optimism bias and have lower chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their counterparts, respectively, while respondents who are married, poor, who go to church regularly, and have strong pro-environmental orientation, tend to have smaller optimism bias and have higher chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their respective counterparts. The systematic misperception of local environmental risk underscores the importance of information provision and risk communication, and the sociopolitical correlates of misperception suggest that targeted and more nuanced strategies are required to correct misperceptions.     

Prüfung des Gesuchs auf Verbücherung eines Bestandrechts

Die Rechtswirkungen der Verbücherung eines Bestandrechts beschr?nken sich auf die Folgen der §§ 1120 f ABGB. Eine allgemeine dingliche Wirkung gegenüber dritten Personen kommt der Eintragung des Bestandrechts nicht zu. Die Prüfung eines Gesuchs auf Eintragung eines Bestandvertrags hat nach den Erfordernissen der §§ 26 ff GBG zu erfolgen und muss insb dem § 32 GBG genügen. Ma?geblich und ausreichend ist, dass die Mieterin als Antragstellerin und die Eigentümerin und Vermieterin des Bestandobjekts genannt sind, ob welchem der Bestandvertrag eingetragen werden soll und auf den sich das Bestandverh?ltnis – zumindest auch und insoweit jedenfalls rechtlichm?glich und zul?ssig – bezieht. Sind diese Anforderungen erfüllt, hat die Eintragung des Bestandvertrags zu erfolgen. Ob die durch den Bestandvertrag einger?umte Nutzungsm?glichkeit im gesamten Umfang durch die Rechtsstellung des Vermieters gedeckt ist, ist dagegen nicht Teil der grundbuchsrechtlichen Prüfung.     

Einstweiliger Mietzins – notwendiges Vorbringen im Provisorialverfahren

Die Anspruchsbescheinigung zur Erwirkung eines einstweiligen Mietzinses setzt die erforderlichen Tatsachenbehauptungen voraus. Es widerspricht dem Wesen des auf eine rasche Entscheidung abgestellten Provisorialverfahrens, der gef?hrdeten Partei in einem zweiten Rechtsgang die M?glichkeit der Verbesserung eines unbestimmten Begehrens zu geben. Zum notwendigen Vorbringen bei einer behaupteten Verletzung der Mietzinszahlungspflicht.     

Exhibiting the collections of the Spanish Crown and nobility for the nation: the Count of Valencia de Don Juan and the 1892 European historical exhibition

This article focuses on the place and role accorded to the collections of the Spanish Crown and nobility at the Exposición Histórico-Europea organized in Madrid in 1892. It sets the exhibition in the political and cultural context of the Fourth Centenary of the Discovery of America and analyses the role of Juan Crooke y Navarrot, the Count of Valencia de Don Juan to understand how royal and aristocratic collections were instrumentalized in a bid to assert the place of the Spanish monarchy on the European and international scene and strengthen its prestige. Commissioner of Crown property, the Count of Valencia de Don Juan was one of the members of the nobility who exhibited their collections to the public. Therefore, his investment in the organization of the exhibition, as a non-professional curator, helps understand what the event meant for Spanish nobility. This enables us to gauge what role such exhibiting played in the construction of the national heritage and art historiography of Spain.     

Verbücherte Grunddienstbarkeit zugunsten eines einzigen Wohnungseigentümers versus (obligatorische) Benützungsregelung

In stRsp l?sst der OGH auch eine nur zugunsten des jeweiligen Eigentümers eines mit WE verbundenen Mindestanteils verbücherte Grunddienstbarkeit (hier: über einen Autoabstellplatz) zu. Deshalb ist der Wohnungseigentümer zur Erhebung der Negatorienklage gegen andere Mit- und Wohnungseigentümer aktiv legitimiert. Zum – im vorliegenden Fall mangels ausreichenden Vorbringens vom OGH nicht entschiedenen – Verh?ltnis zwischen einer im Grundbuch eingetragenen Grunddienstbarkeit und einer (auf Rechtsnachfolger übergegangenen) behaupteten obligatorischen Benützungsregelung über ein und dieselbe Fl?che. § 1500 ABGB schützt bei au?erbücherlichem Erwerb eines dinglichen Rechts, insb durch Ersitzung, das Vertrauen auf die Vollst?ndigkeit des Grundbuchsstandes.