Communicating authoritarian elite cohesion

In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to analyse the communicative imperatives authoritarian regimes face as a consequence of their self-inflicted opacities. The most important facts about the actors and factors that sustain authoritarian rule are unobservable. To demonstrate their power, authoritarian rulers have to render them visible. They have to dramatize their power and present on the front stage what they want people to know about the backstage of authoritarian politics. We conceptualize the communicative strategies of authoritarian rulers with a focus on the primary existential threats they face: the lateral threats that emanate from within the authoritarian elite. We illustrate dictators’ communicative repertoire with empirical material from communist Cuba from 2006 to 2011, during the critical juncture of leadership transition from Fidel Castro to his brother Raúl.     

Verbal Ability and Persistent Offending: A Race-specific Test of Moffitt’s Theory

Theoretical questions linger over the applicability of the verbal ability model to African-Americans and the social control theory hypothesis that educational failure mediates the effect of verbal ability on offending patterns. Accordingly, this paper investigates whether verbal ability distinguishes between offending groups within the context of Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy. Questions are addressed with longitudinal data spanning childhood through young-adulthood from an ongoing national panel, and multinomial and hierarchical Poisson models (overdispersed). In multinomial models, low verbal ability predicts membership in a life-course-persistent-oriented group relative to an adolescent-limited-oriented group. Hierarchical models indicate that verbal ability is associated with arrest outcomes among White and African-American subjects, with effects consistently operating through educational attainment (high school dropout). The results support Moffitt’s hypothesis that verbal deficits distinguish adolescent-limited- and life-course-persistent-oriented groups within race, as well as the social control model of verbal ability.     

Communication in family court: financial remedy proceedings from the perspective of litigants in person

The article presents a rationale for communicative, conceptual, cognitive and procedural challenges experienced by litigants in person in financial remedy proceedings. The article also explores oscillation between written and spoken legal genres and narrative development strategies which litigants in person have to use throughout different stages (from the early stages of starting proceedings, filling in court forms and providing documentation, through the negotiation process to interaction in court). While legal professionals express themselves in paradigmatic legal mode influenced by legal acts and legislation, litigants in person tend to express themselves in narrative mode similar to everyday storytelling. The objective is to investigate obstacles litigants in person experience during the process originally designed by legal professionals for legal professionals. The article evaluates different options for empowering lay people involved in legal proceedings and argues for the need to provide more specific support for different stages of family proceedings.     

论虚拟侦查

虚拟侦查是与实体侦查相对而言的.它是指通过对数据信号的收集、分析和利用,获取侦查线索和犯罪证据,揭露和证实犯罪的活动.在实体侦查面临严峻的时代挑战的形势下,虚拟侦查的开展是必要的,同时也是可行的.虚拟侦查具有现实合法性.从国内外虚拟侦查的实践状况和发展趋势看,虚拟侦查活动在侦查实践中的运用空前活跃,效果良好,前景广阔.     

基于Internet的CAI软件的实现技术

随着Internet网络技术的发展,远程多媒体教学成为当前的研究热点。基于Internet的多媒体CAI课件是多媒体CAI课件与网络技术的结合,它将成为网络教学多媒体CAI课件的主要形式。文中介绍的CAI软件采用J＋＋编写实现,由服务器部分、学生部分、教师教学部分、课件维护部分四部分组成,并详细论述了系统的实现技术。     

高职院校开展国际交流与合作，搞好内部建设是关键

随着全球经济一体化趋势的发展,世界范围内各大学之间的跨国界、跨民族、跨文化的双边或多边交流与合作活动日趋频繁。对此,高职院校只有顺应世界高等教育的发展趋势,认真搞好内部建设,不断提高和完善自身条件,才能主动参与和应对高等教育国际化。     

Courtship Violence Among College Students: A Comparison of Verbally and Physically Abusive Couples

This study used a modified version of the Conflict Tactic Scale (Straus, 1990) to measure the expression of verbal and physical aggression among 572 college students (395 females and 177 males) involved in dating relationships over the previous year. Results indicated that 82% (n = 465) of the total sample reported having engaged in verbally aggressive behavior with a dating partner over the past year, whereas 21% (n = 116) admitted to acting in a physically aggressive manner over the same interval. No significant gender-based difference was found for verbal aggression scores; however, females were significantly more likely to report using physical force than were male students. Male and female students who used verbal aggression were characteristically similar to each. Both had experienced aggression from a parent as children and had drunk alcohol within 3 hours (before or after) an argument with a dating partner. Male and female students who admitted using physical force were dissimilar except that both had experienced parent-child aggression. For male students, having witnessed conjugal violence and their general drinking patterns were also significantly related to their using physical force, whereas for females, the use of physical force was associated with drinking alcohol within 3 hours of an argument with a dating partner.     

论幼儿交往生活的缺失

交往对于幼和的成长具有重要意义,它不仅是幼儿情感、个性发展的重要条件,也是幼儿整个生活的组成部分。幼儿之间的理解以及幼儿对成人的理解、成人对幼儿的理解,都必然通过交往活动来实现。然而,幼儿的上境和幼儿教育的现实,造成了幼儿交往生活的缺失,其主要表现在功利社会背景下幼儿正常交往生活的剥夺,竞争状态下幼儿的孤立化,城市化生活中幼儿交往活动的丧失以及独生子女教育策略的失调。满足幼儿的交往权利是教育的重要职责之一。     

The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence

Social scientists have documented framing effects in a wide range of contexts, including surveys, experiments, and actual political campaigns. Many view work on framing effects as evidence of citizen incompetence—that is, evidence that citizens base their preferences on arbitrary information and/or are subject to extensive elite manipulation. Yet, we continue to lack a consensus on what a framing effect is as well as an understanding of how and when framing effects occur. In this article, I examine (1) the different ways that scholars have employed the concepts of framing and framing effects, (2) how framing effects may violate some basic criteria of citizen competence, and (3) what we know about how and when framing effects work. I conclude that while the evidence to date suggests some isolated cases of incompetence, the more general message is that citizens use frames in a competent and well-reasoned manner.