Decaying Mouse Volatiles Perceived by Calliphora vicina Rob.‐Desv.

Volatiles emitted by decaying human remains are in the focus of recent research. The identification of core volatiles in this field is of high importance, because cadaveric volatiles generally show high variation. In this study, the volatile profiles of five mice (Myodes glareolus) were sampled with charcoal filter tubes from their time of death until advanced decay. Eleven compounds were quantitated by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Electroantennographic experiments with female Calliphora vicina antennae led to the identification of dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide, nonanal, hexan‐1‐ol, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol, and heptanal as electrophysiologically active compounds. When these were compared, dimethyl trisulfide (17 ng/μL) and dimethyl disulfide (11 ng/μL) were found to be emitted in higher concentrations. The roles of these compounds and nonanal as core volatiles for cadaver detection or postmortem time determination and their correlation to the stages of decay and the accumulated degree days are discussed.     

Doing More in The Middle East

正China becomes increasingly involved in Middle East issue The international community once described China’s Middle East diplomatic policy using phrases such as"modera-tion,""detachment,"or"lack of imagination."But as its status as a global player grows,China is no longer merely a distant observer of events in the volatile region.     

Fatal Intoxication with Toluene Due to Inhalation of Glue

Two cases of fatal intoxications with toluene due to glue sniffing are described. In case 1, the autopsy did not indicate cause of death, while in case 2, the cause of death was determined to possibly be due to mechanical asphyxia by drowning. As the decedents had a history of glue sniffing, toxicological analyses were performed. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with headspace method, toluene was detected in biological samples. Toluene ranged from 3.81 to 20.97 μg/g, with the highest concentrations observed in liver and brain (13.82–20.97 μg/g) in both cases. Based upon this data, the cause of death in both cases was determined to be toluene poisoning. Toxicological investigations are extremely important and should be considered mandatory in all deaths thought to be due to volatile substance abuse, as well as all deaths that are thought to be due to poisoning in young people.     

Origin,Analytical Characterization,and Use of Human Odor in Forensics

Developing a strategy to characterize the odor prints of individuals should be relevant to support identification obtained using dogs in courts of justice. This article proposes an overview of the techniques used for the forensic profiling of human odor. After reviewing the origin of human odor—both genetic and physiological—the different analytical steps from sample collection to statistical data processing are presented. The first challenge is the collection of odor, whether by direct sampling with polymer patches, cotton gauze, etc., or indirect sampling with devices like Scent Transfer Unit. Then, analytical techniques are presented. Analyses are commonly performed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. As they yield large amounts of data, advanced statistical tools are needed to provide efficient and reliable data processing, which is essential to give more probative value to information.     

顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法测定芪白平肺胶囊中挥发性成分

目的 测定芪白平肺胶囊中挥发性成分。方法 采用顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,并通过所用质谱库检索研究其挥发性化学成分组成,用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量。结果 共分辨出68个色谱峰,鉴定出53个化学成分,约占总挥发性成分含量的90.75%,主要挥发性成分为酯类(38.58%)、酸类(22.97%)、杂环类(13.54%)、醛类(8.75%)、醇类(2.84%)、醚类(2.71%)、芳烃类(0.74%)和酮类(0.62%)物质,其中含量最高的是乙酸乙酯(25.54%),其次为乙酸(11.79%),含量较高的为2-甲基丁醛(7.00%),2-氨基丁酸(6.83%),乙酸丙酯(5.60%),2,3-二羟基丙酸(3.45%),糠醛(3.08%),5-甲基糠醛(3.05%),2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮(2.82%),2-乙酰基呋喃(2.54%),甲基环氧丙烷(2.03%),等。结论 所建立的方法分离效果较好,能够准确鉴定芪白平肺胶囊中主要挥发性成分。     

传统硫熏加工与现代微波加工滁菊质量比较

目的 通过对硫熏加工滁菊和微波加工滁菊中主要化学成分进行比较,为滁菊的合理加工方法提供依据.方法 以挥发油、总黄酮、绿原酸及二氧化硫残留量为检测指标,对两种方法加工的滁菊的主要化学成分进行比较分析.结果 硫熏滁菊中挥发油、绿原酸含量均高于微波滁菊;硫熏滁菊中总黄酮的含量略低于微波滁菊;硫熏滁菊的薄层色谱斑点数与微波滁菊...     

Death From Butane Inhalation Abuse in Teenagers: Two New Case Studies and Review of the Literature

The ready availability of butane makes butane abuse frequent. Fatalities are rare. This study presents two cases of death by butane overdose. The postmortem analyses were carried out using headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It revealed femoral blood butane concentrations of 18 and 22 mg/L, respectively, as well as specific combinations of adjuvants in each victim. In one of the victims, brain and fatty tissue also contained butane, pointing to chronic consumption. The originality of this study is to show that the identification of specific combinations of adjuvants can be helpful for identifying the brand of deodorant used. Also, sampling the skin and mucosa can help identify the method of drug delivery. The histological examination documented both the direct toxic effect of the gas on the respiratory mucosa and signs of chronic abuse. Volatile substance intoxications should be systematically considered in case of sudden death in a teenager.     

TDS-GC/MS法检测黑色中性笔墨迹中挥发性溶剂的历时性变化

目的 应用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱(TDS-GC/MS)分析,研究7支黑色中性笔墨迹中挥发性溶剂的历时性变化规律.方法 选取7支不同品牌的黑色中性笔,分别在A4纸和笔记本上进行一次制样,然后在不同时间点取样,应用所建TDS-GC/MS方法分析墨迹中乙二醇、二甘醇和三甘醇在200余天内的含量变化.结果 6支笔中的乙二醇、三...     

Comparison of the Volatile Organic Compounds from Different Biological Specimens for Profiling Potential*

Previous work has demonstrated the ability to differentiate individuals based on the analysis of human scent hand odor chemicals. In this paper, a range of forensic biological specimens are shown to also have the ability to differentiate individuals based upon the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present. Human VOC profiles from hand odor, oral fluid, breath, blood, and urine of 31 individuals were analyzed by solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐MS) and combined methods of chromatogram comparison, Spearman rank correlation comparison, and principal component analysis. Intra‐specimen comparisons demonstrated the distinguishability of individuals above 99%. Inter‐specimen VOC profiles from the same individual were found to be too different to be used for scent‐matching purposes, with Spearman rank coefficients below 0.15. A 6‐month VOC profile monitoring of two individuals demonstrated the consistency of VOC profiles over time across specimens.     

白鸡屎藤挥发油抗肠炎沙门菌内毒素作用的分析

为了探讨白鸡屎藤挥发油抗肠炎沙门菌内毒素的作用,将420只7日龄三黄鸡随机分成A、B、C、D、E、F组并对A、B、C组鸡按100μg/mL(1mL)预防用药,在12日龄时对A、B、D、E组口服肠炎沙门菌攻毒,攻毒24h后对A、D组按100μg/mL白鸡屎藤挥发油1mL进行滴鼻给药治疗,同时将不同质量浓度的白鸡屎藤挥发油与内毒素混合对另外90只雏鸡进行肌肉注射攻毒,并进行试验鸡与攻毒鸡临床死亡情况统计、病理组织学观察和肝与血液生化指标测定。结果显示,白鸡屎藤挥发油对肠炎沙门菌内毒素具有灭活作用,可缓解血清ALT和AST活性的升高或使其降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),提升肝及血清中SOD的活性(P<0.01或P<0.05),使肝中MDA含量下降和延缓其升高。结果表明,白鸡屎藤挥发油具有抗肠炎沙门菌内毒素的作用,其机理与其保肝作用和抗氧化损伤作用有关。