我国行贿罪的理论冲突和立法抉择

行贿罪是贿赂犯罪中的一个重要罪名,在高压反腐的背景下,刑法学界对于行贿罪的构成要件、刑罚处罚乃至存废问题都存在较大的争议。保留行贿罪有利于严密反腐败刑法法网和对贿赂犯罪的惩治。行贿罪的成立要求行为人主观上必须具备“谋取不正当利益”的目的有利于限制刑法的处罚范围,符合刑法谦抑性。行贿罪特别自首制度符合刑法“从严治吏”的旨趣。     

抵押合同债法效力的解释进路

《中华人民共和国民法典》第400条承袭《中华人民共和国物权法》第185条对《中华人民共和国担保法》第41条规定的抵押合同生效模式进行了改变,但同样未就抵押合同的债法效力问题作出明文规定。《中华人民共和国民法典》颁布前,就登记要件主义下抵押未登记时的抵押人责任,既有理论和司法实践将《中华人民共和国合同法》第107条之适用视为当然,对此,应当予以系统反思。就债法面向的抵押合同及抵押登记义务,在保证合同进路与买卖合同进路之外,存在以原因行为无偿性为切入点的赠与合同解释路径,抵押合同(之债权行为面向)之无名部分可以类推适用《中华人民共和国民法典》合同编赠与合同规则;进而,抵押登记义务因《中华人民共和国民法典》第658条第1款之任意撤销权而应予以柔化,从而使得《中华人民共和国民法典》第577条之当然适用一般性地落空;同时,柔化之抵押登记义务,可据《中华人民共和国民法典》第658条第2款之公证再予以要式强化;抵押登记义务柔化几乎一概性地排除了抵押人违约责任的证立,但债权人利益保护仍得于"三层次担保结构"中渐次加持而得以周全。     

性侵幼女犯罪相关问题探析

与世界主要国家对性侵未成年人犯罪的处罚相比，嫖宿幼女罪的刑罚不轻。嫖宿幼女罪没有否定幼女性“自愿”的无效性，没有把幼女称为卖淫女，不存在道德歧视和二次伤害问题。嫖宿幼女罪体现了我国刑法对幼女性权利的格外保护，废除嫖宿幼女罪的根据不成立。     

见义勇为立法与学说之反思——以《民法通则》第109条为中心

见义勇为可以被定义,其是自然人在履行法定职责或特定义务之外,为保护国家、公共的或他人的利益,而与各种违法犯罪作斗争、抢险救灾的正义之举.在民法属性上,见义勇为呈现出多样性,与无因管理、正当防卫、紧急避险有紧密联系.对于见义勇为者与受益人之间的法律关系,应适用无因管理之债的规定,适用《民法通则》第109条反而会造成背离实质正义的尴尬结局.因此,《民法通则》第109条等规范应予废除.     

Associations and democracy in Algeria

What role does associational activism play in political life in the Middle East and North Africa? Have associations been largely co-opted, thus reinforcing authoritarian governance? Or are they part of drawn out democratization processes, emerging over the last two decades, exploding during the Arab Spring? Divergences in responses to these questions have been striking. From initial optimism about the potential of associations to contribute to democratization, much recent literature has been increasingly pessimistic, framing associations as part of the problem of failed political transformations. Algeria, in particular, despite minimal donor funding, has seen a surge in associations over the last 20 years. Yet, these 93,000 new associations have come under scrutiny. Building on extensive fieldwork, this article explores Algerian associations at grass-roots level, after the decade of violence in the 1990s. It analyses how associations challenged the state during the Arab Spring, how they question historical state narratives and challenge government policies. Despite political and structural obstacles, it is found that Algerian civic associations do not inhibit democratic society, indeed they enable it, not necessarily as transformative actors, but as meaningful democratic agents pushing for reform.     

Collective Political Action as Civic Voluntarism: Analysing Ethnic Associations as Political Participants by Translating Individual-level Theory to the Organizational Level

This article presents and empirically evaluates an analytical experiment in which we seek to translate individual-level explanations of differences in political participation to an organizational level. Utilizing the Civic Voluntarism Model, we analyse the consequences of voluntary associations’ politically valuable ‘resources’, ‘motivation’, and ‘recruitment networks’. Using data from a survey of ethnic associations in Stockholm, Sweden, results suggest that the overall logic of how associational-level political participation is encouraged resembles corresponding mechanisms on the individual level. We conclude that both our theoretical argument and empirical findings merit further analyses of civil society actors’ political participation with the approach taken in this study.     

经济社会发展新常态下工会的新挑战与新作为 一2015年中国工会·劳动关系论坛纪要

当前我国经济社会正在进人一种新常态,稳增长、调结构、惠民生、防风险的任务十分繁重。工会作为 党的重要群团组织,作为劳动关系中劳动者一方合法权益的代表者、维护者,在推动构建和谐劳动关系过程中应积极 应对新挑战,展现新作为。工会作为党的群团组织,应更加注重推进和诣劳动关系建设,发挥社会稳定器的作用。在 国家大力推动供给侧改革的形势下,各级工会组织有必要行动起来,为经济转型和产业升级做出积极的贡献。经济社 会发展新常态下全面推进依法治国,构建和谐劳动关系要求工会工作必须加强法治化建设。面对新挑战,基层工会要 以独具特色的工作模式,主动寻求破解现实挑战的最佳途径。     

Why (most) Indonesian businesses fear the ASEAN Economic Community: struggling with Southeast Asia’s regional corporatism

By the end of 2015 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) had ushered in a common market, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). However, the groups most affected by it – small businesses – were bypassed in the decision-making process. They are the victims of a selectively inclusive state corporatism which member countries have transferred from their domestic political system to the regional level. In this article I argue that the decision to create the AEC was promoted by ASEAN governments together with foreign economic and local corporate interests. This coalition was able to frame the AEC in a way that small businesses perceived it as a win-win scheme. Empirically the article focuses on Indonesia.     

器官捐献的法律问题探讨

人体器官捐献是随着医疗技术的发展和社会进步而出现的,给患有不治之症的患者带来 了福音,国外已制定了相应的法律,我国急需完善这方面的立法。     

Motives Driving the Creation of Professional and Business Associations: Evidence from Russia

ABSTRACT

Our knowledge of associations is scarce, requiring a multidisciplinary approach that has been rarely used to investigate this multifaceted phenomenon that cuts across the confines of a single discipline. This study investigates the motives that drive the founding of associations in the Russian context, analyzing original data and applying a mixed-methods research design. An empirical typology of motives is developed to obtain a more accurate range of time- and value-driven motives beyond what is currently understood. The findings shed light on the complexity and multidimensionality of the motivational factors driving the establishment of associations in a transitional context.