试论共产党员忠诚观的管理和维护

共产党员忠诚观建设不是一劳永逸,是需要科学管理和精心维护的。对党员忠诚观的管理和维护是由科学管理理念统领,不仅要立足党情,顺畅出入机制,而且要兴党兴国,满足需求机制,还要找准重点,加强监督机制。对共产党员忠诚观日常维护表现为,对于对党忠诚的行为进行奖励和回报,对于对党不忠诚的行为进行惩罚,用制度规范共产党员言行。     

Disgorgement in Corporation Law: The Function and Computing Standard

Corporation Law Article 148 sets out the right of disgorgement, which plays roles as protection, prevention, and sanction. However, disgorgement doesn't result in extra protection and excessive deterrent, avoiding benefiting corporations improperly. The right of disgorgement shall be bound by the legal causation or proximate cause, and Chinese decisions pay too much attention to the factual causation. In specific situations, courts try to give assignees appropriate subsidies from corporations. In addition, the appropriate burden of proof facilitates the legislative purpose of Corporation Law Article 148 with strengthening accounting records system.     

Testing for Fiscal Illusion in Wisconsin Towns

Fiscal illusion, a theory of the impact of government revenue structures on voter decision-making, has been studied extensively by economists and political scientists; however, empirical verification has been limited. This study builds on Lowery's (1987a) work by examining the relationship between suggested illusionary revenues and measures of electoral stress. Here, electoral stress is measured as constituent contacting—one possible measure of voter influence—for local government officials up for re-election. Using a combination of survey data from over 1,000 Wisconsin town board members, audited fiscal data and U.S. Census data, we were able to test for fiscal illusion. Our findings show that when looking at five revenue types (conditional grants, unconditional grants, property taxes, user fees and charges, and debt service) there is some evidence suggesting officials seeking another term in office will tend to support fees and charges as a revenue structure over other structures. Overall, there is little consistent evidence suggesting that elected officials are manipulating revenue structures for electoral gain. Revenue structures are mostly influenced by social and economic factors, such as median household income, population changes, and per capita property valuation.     

Manifestos and elections in Ghana's Fourth Republic

Debate continues over the factors that influence electoral outcomes or voter behaviour and alignment in elections all over the world. Several factors have been noted, including the manifestos of political parties. In spite of the potential influence of the party manifesto, several comparative and empirical studies on elections in Ghana have paid little or no attention to manifestos in determining the electoral outcomes of political parties in the Fourth Republic.This paper makes a contribution to the debate by examining how manifestos have influenced the electoral chances of the two main political parties which have been in and out of government in Ghana since the inception of the Fourth Republic, namely, the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party. Analysis covers the five elections held in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008. Specifically, it discusses not only the ability of the manifestos to shape policy debate but also to some extent, influence electoral outcomes. The paper concludes with some lessons learned.     

Hunting the Elusive Young Voter

Abstract

It is generally assumed that mobilizing young voters is infeasible. This belief can be broken into two separate questions: (1) Are young people responsive to Get Out The Vote appeals? (2) Is it possible to deliver the message to the intended audience? By pooling together the results of six GOTV field experiments, this paper demonstrates that young voters are equally responsive to blandishments to vote as mature voters, but that they are roughly three times more difficult to contact.     

Advertising and the Image of Politicians in Evolving and Established Democracies

Abstract

The article¹ analyzes the constructivist and realist approaches to research on voting behavior in presidential elections in evolving (Poland) and established (U.S.) democracies. The influence of a politician's image on affective attitudes toward the candidate is stressed in the first approach; the other approach stresses the role of affect in forming such an image. Using experimental data from the 2000 presidential elections in each country, the research applied structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis to show the best way to use image construction to influence voting behavior and, in the realist approach, the key role of affects as the starting point for designing and creating politicans' images. The results of the research also show that Polish and American voters perceive slightly differently the socio-political reality created by the media, but in both countries political advertising plays an important role in creating political images.     

How political parties’ issue ownerships reduce to spatial proximity

Abstract

Scholarly interest in issue ownership is growing rapidly. Although originally introduced as a competence-oriented, alternative concept to the predominantly spatial understanding of voting and party behaviour, parties’ policy positions are an inescapable aspect of issue ownership. Using data for multiple issues in several countries over time, this article shows that the party with issue ownership sides with the median voter. A party earns issue ownership by taking up a position as close to as many voters as possible. Moreover, the analysis indicates that a party’s issue emphasis only matters to issue ownership insofar as it is used as a device to make its position credible to voters. Hence, to have issue ownership is to have a credible position, and in that sense, issue ownership has less added theoretical value to spatial proximity than previous literature suggests.     

帮会文化与有组织犯罪

帮会文化是反映帮会生存方式、活动方式、行为准则、伦理关系、帮内规矩、价值观念的文化。它与有组织犯罪有着不可分割的内在联系 ,在有组织犯罪形成发展中起着精神动力的作用。就其实质而言 ,黑社会性质犯罪组织完全是一种现代化了的帮会 ,是帮会文化哺育出来的一个毒瘤。因此 ,彻底批判帮会文化 ,肃清其流毒 ,并切实加强先进文化建设 ,是扼制有组织犯罪的根本之策     

论英美董事注意义务及我国公司法的完善

文章说明了董事的法律地位、董事注意义务的确立依据及其与忠实义务的区别,在分析了英美董事注意义务的现代发展后,对完善我国公司法中董事注意义务法律制度提出了立法建议。     

配偶权的具体内容探析

配偶权的具体内容有哪些 ,在学术界一直存在严重分歧。归纳起来有三种代表观点。配偶权的具体内容应当根据其属性和特征加以厘清 ,具体应当包括 :同居权 ,住所商定权 ,忠实请求权 ,相互代理权和相互合作权。